A Systematized Scoping Review on the Effect of Oncoplastic Surgery on arm Lymphedema

This study aims to determine whether oncoplastic surgery improves resection margins compared to lumpectomy alone in patients undergoing breast conserving therapy, as determined by re-excision rates. Prior studies have demonstrated that oncoplastic breast surgery results in better aesthetic outcomes than lumpectomy alone in select patient cohorts. However, there is a dearth of literature on whether oncoplastic breast surgery also provides oncologic benefit. This is a retrospective cohort investigation of women who underwent breast conserving therapy at our institution between 2010 and 2023. Breast cancer patients who received either lumpectomy alone or oncoplastic breast surgery during this period were included. The rate of re-excision of margins within the 6-month period following the index procedure was compared between patients who underwent lumpectomy along and those who underwent oncoplastic breast surgery. Of 4,673 study patients, 4,164 (89.6%) underwent lumpectomy alone and 488 (10.4%) underwent oncoplastic breast surgery. Oncoplastic surgery became significantly more prevalent over the course of the study period (p=0.04). The re-excision rate was higher in the lumpectomy cohort that in the oncoplastic surgery cohort (17% vs. 13%). After adjusting for potential confounders using propensity score matching, oncoplastic surgery was associated with significantly lower odds of re-excision (OR 0.7, 95% confidence interval 0.4-1.0, p=0.05). Oncoplastic surgery may help to better achieve clear surgical margins compared to lumpectomy alone, and an increasing number of patients are receiving oncoplastic breast surgery. This suggests that, whenever possible, efforts should be made to offer oncoplastic surgery to appropriately selected patients. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Oncoplastic surgery – Standard of care

Introduction: Majority of women diagnosed with breast cancers (BC) have self-detected large tumors (mean tumor size >4 cm). There are number of myths and misconceptions regarding safety of breast conservation surgery (BCS), which, coupled with the fear of re-operation for infiltrated margins lead to poor acceptance of BCS by Indian BC patients. Practice of oncoplastic breast surgery (OBS), neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and intra-op frozen section (FS) margins assessment have helped us achieve safe, single stage breast conservation even for patients with large tumors. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the OBS techniques used in patients undergoing primary or post-NACT BCS and compared the outcomes in terms of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) and overall survival (OS) between patient groups that underwent OBS-BCS, non-OBS BCS and mastectomy. Methods: Retrieving data from a prospectively maintained database, all patients treated for stages I-III BC between 2009 & 2018 at a specialty breast surgery unit were reviewed. Patient demographics, TNM stage, pathology, OBS technique, margin re-excision, and outcomes in terms of IBTR and OS, were evaluated; and compared with non-OBS BCS and mastectomy patients. Results: Of 1884 (Median age 50 years, 59% post-menopausal, T3-18%, T4b-7%) who underwent curative breast surgery, 1424 (75%) underwent mastectomy. Rest 460 (24.4%) underwent BCS, of which 43% underwent OBS BCS. Fifty-two patients (26.6%) underwent post-NACT BCS, of which 27.5% had pathological complete response (pCR). OBS techniques used were volume displacement in 169 (86.4%) and volume replacement (mini LD/LD flap) in 29 (13.6%). The OBS techniques used constituted Level-1 OBS in 33% and level-2 OBS in 66%. Procedures performed included round block / modified Benelli-10.6%, batwing mastopexy- 6%, wise pattern reduction mammoplasty+contralateral symmetrization-4%, and other procedures-9.5% (medial mammoplasty, inverted T/vertical scar mastopexy, J or L mammoplasty, parallelogram excision, Z plasty). Intraop FS histology detected infiltrated margins in 11.6% of patients undergoing OBS-BCS, which were re-excised/ converted to mastectomy in the same sitting, thus avoiding a re-operation. In comparison, 17% patients who underwent non-OBS BCS had margin infiltration. Cosmetic outcomes and patient satisfaction were better in OBS BCS patients. Peri-op complications including partial nipple necrosis, skin necrosis, seroma, wound dehiscence and infection occurred in 17%. IBTR occurred in 4% of OBS-BCS patients, compared to 7% patients who underwent non-OBS BCS. Over 36 mo median follow-up, stagewise OS was similar in patient groups undergoing mastectomy, OBS BCS or non-OBS BCS. Conclusion: Employing OBS techniques has enabled us offer BCS for EBC and large or locally advanced BC. These techniques facilitate safe BCS of patients undergoing primary or post-NACT breast surgery, with relatively lower margin infiltration and local recurrence rates, comparable survival and higher patient satisfaction of their cosmetic outcomes, compared to patients undergoing mastectomy or conventional/ non-OBS BCS. Table: Types of oncoplastic procedures used in patients undergoing primary or post-NACT Oncoplastic breast surgical breast conservation surgeryNo.of patientsPercentageLevel I16181.3 %Level II(MiniLD/ LD/ Contralateral Symmetrisation)3718.6%Volume Displacement16985.3%Volume Replacement2913.6%Ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence84.02% Citation Format: Gaurav Agarwal, VC Ramya, Anjali Mishra, Gyan Chand, Sabaretnam Mayilvahanan, Vinita Agrawal, Narendra Krishnani, Namita Mohindra, Punita Lal. Oncoplastic breast conservation surgery for patients with large breast cancers undergoing primary or post-NACT breast conservation surgery is safe and effective [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-13-07.

Oncoplastic surgery (OPS) has emerged as a new approach for extending breast conserving surgery (BCS) possibilities, reducing both mastectomy and re-excision rates, while avoiding breast deformities. OPS is based upon the integration of plastic surgery techniques for immediate reshaping after wide excision for breast cancer. This is a prospective feasibility cohort study of oncoplastic breast surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy that was carried at the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University and included 70 patients. The primary outcome was the local recurrence rate. Secondary outcomes included survival and margins obtained as well as cosmetic outcomes. Survival analysis was performed. Oncoplastic breast surgery did not compromise oncologic safety in the patients included in the study. It even allowed wider margins of resection which could be associated with better oncologic outcomes. At the same time, it gave a better cosmetic outcome and therefore higher patient satisfaction. Oncoplastic breast surgery includes a wide spectrum of surgical techniques, ranging from the basic level I techniques in breast conserving surgery to the more complex procedures of level II which are broadly classified into volume replacement (therapeutic mammoplasty) and volume displacement procedures. We suggest that oncoplastic breast surgery techniques should be the standard of care in breast surgery. They are the basis for breast conserving surgery techniques in early breast cancer. In our experience, oncoplastic surgery is feasible in locally advanced tumours after downstaging with neoadjuvant chemotherapy without compromising the oncologic safety.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) and the leading cause of cancer-related death in this population. Advances in surgical techniques have progressively shifted treatment paradigms toward breast-conserving approaches. Oncoplastic surgery merges oncologic safety with plastic surgery principles, enabling broader indications for breast conservation and enhancing aesthetic and psychological outcomes for patients. Objective: To evaluate the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients undergoing oncoplastic breast surgery with immediate or delayed reconstruction in a Brazilian public tertiary hospital, as well as to analyze postoperative complications and compare results with current literature. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study was conducted with 100 female patients who underwent oncoplastic breast surgery at the Pernambuco Cancer Hospital (HCP) between March 2023 and July 2024. Data were collected from medical records and included demographics, tumor characteristics, surgical procedures, adjuvant treatments, and postoperative complications. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v27 with a 5% margin of error. Results: The patients' mean age was 50.2 years. Of the 100 cases, 59% underwent oncoplastic quadrantectomy, while 39% had mastectomy with immediate reconstruction. Only 2 patients underwent delayed reconstruction. The most common techniques included therapeutic mammoplasty (17%) and the Burrow triangle (12%). Symmetrization was performed in 29% of cases and fat grafting in 5%. The majority of tumors were stage T1 or T2 (72%) and axilla-negative (73%). Most patients were luminal subtype (61%), and 13% had in situ lesions. Systemic treatment included chemotherapy (60%), radiotherapy (64%), hormone therapy (57%), and HER2-targeted therapy (14%). Postoperative complications occurred in 14% of patients, with wound dehiscence being the most frequent (7%). Five patients required reoperation, including two prosthesis removals and three margin enlargements. No statistically significant association was found between complications and clinical variables, although patients undergoing mastectomy showed a higher absolute rate of complications compared to those who had conservative surgery (22% vs. 8.5%). Conclusion: Oncoplastic breast surgery proved to be a safe and effective strategy for both breast conservation and post-mastectomy reconstruction in a resource-limited public healthcare setting. The complication rate was low and aligned with international standards, despite the absence of plastic surgeons in most cases. The findings support the inclusion of oncoplastic training in mastology residency programs as a way to increase access to reconstruction and improve quality of life for patients treated within the public health system. This approach, beyond restoring anatomy, promotes emotional and psychological well-being, reinforcing its role as a key component in the holistic management of breast cancer. Keywords: Breast cancer; Oncoplastic surgery; Breast reconstruction; Public health; Surgical outcomes Citation Format: C. S. Vasconcelos, I. V. Araújo, M. Salgado, D. S. Viana, L. Torres, C. R. Jesus, C. C. Anunciação. Oncoplastic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery: Experience in a Public Healthcare Center of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium 2025; 2025 Dec 9-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2026;32(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS2-03-07.

Patients are increasingly turning to online social media networks for healthcare information. This study evaluated content related to oncoplastic breast surgery found on TikTok. The top 50 videos were retrieved from subsequent TikTok searches for 'oncoplastic breast surgery', 'oncoplastics', and 'oncoplastic surgery'. These videos were compiled and the 50 with the most views were selected. Video characteristics were abstracted, and the videos were analyzed for thematic content by three surgeons and graded for educational value by eight individuals of varying backgrounds. We focused our analysis on the two most common creator types: surgeons and patients. Both groups showed comparable audience engagement patterns, with no significant difference in the number of views, likes, or comments. However, subscribers, saves, and shares differed significantly, with surgeons showing higher numbers (p<0.05). Analyzing thematic content by creator type highlights different priorities between the groups. Surgeon videos received significantly higher ratings on questions about providing accurate medical information (p<0.01) and explaining surgery outcomes clearly (p<0.05). Surgeons and trainees consistently noted these differences, with 70% of their ratings showing significance in favor of surgeon content. In contrast, non-healthcare raters showed fewer significant distinctions, with only 40% of their ratings identifying differences between creator groups. While patient creators focus heavily on personal experiences and survivorship, surgeon-created content emphasizes medical accuracy and detailed surgical information. Surgeons can use these findings to better understand the types of information their patients are accessing and to tailor their own educational efforts accordingly.

Background: Oncoplastic surgery (OPS) has emerged as a new approach for extending breast conserving surgery (BCS) possibilities, reducing mastectomy and re-excision rates, while avoiding breast deformities. OPS integrates plastic surgery techniques for immediate reshaping after wide excision for breast cancer. This techniques is emerging and our experience in Egypt has been gradually increasing. Our aim was to extend the applicability of OPS into more advanced tumours following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Method: A prospective feasibility cohort study of OPS after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was carried at the national Cancer institute – Cairo University and included 40 patients. We aimed to look at long term oncologic safety and cosmetic outcomes. The primary outcome was the local recurrence rate. Secondary outcomes included survival and margins obtained as well as cosmetic outcomes. Survival analysis was performed with Kaplan-Meir curves. Cosmetic outcomes were assessed using a modified Breast Q questionnaire (EORTC 10801). Results: 40 patients were included in this study. All were diagnosed with locally advanced breast cancer between September 2012 and January 2015 at the National Cancer Institute – Cairo University. All were treated primarily with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (Anthracycline-based). The median age was 44.45 (Range 22- 65) years with median follow-up period of 42 (Range 24 – 60) months. 27.5% showed complete pathological response. 62.5% of patients had a level I OPS procedure, 10% had a level II procedure, and 27.5% had a volume replacement procedure with a Latissimus Dorsi flap. The median resection margins with level I, level II, and volume replacement were 10 mm,25 mm and 15 mm respectively. The difference in margins between level I and II was statistically significant (p = 0.028), so was the difference between the 3 types of procedures (p = 0.035). Three patients (7.5%) had local recurrence and required mastectomy; at 11, 13 and 16 months respectively. One of those (2.5%) developed distant bone metastasis. Cumulative disease-free survival (DFS) for the whole cohort was 90.2%. Overall survival (OS) was 100% as there was no mortality reported during the follow-up period. Cumulative disease-free survival for patients with level I surgery was 85.4% while for those with level II and volume replacement it was 100% with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.2) because of small number of events. The cumulative disease-free survival when the median resection margin obtained was less than 20 mm was 86.3%, whereas when the median margin was equal or more than 20 mm, it was 100%. This difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.2). The cosmetic outcomes ranged between excellent result (70%), very good (15%), good (10%) and poor results (5%) on a very simplified scale that was used for the purpose of the study. Discussion: Oncoplastic breast surgery didn't compromise oncologic safety in the patients included in the study. The local recurrence rate, the DFS and OS were all within acceptable ranges .It even allowed wider margins of resection which could be associated with better oncologic outcomes. At the same time, it gave a better cosmetic outcome and therefore higher patient satisfaction. Citation Format: Youssef M, Namour A, Youssef O, Morsi A. Oncoplastic breast surgery is oncologically safe in locally advanced breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, an Egyptian experience [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-13-25.

Oncoplastic Breast Surgery (OBS), which is a combination of oncological procedures and plastic surgery techniques, has recently gained widespread use. To assess the experiences, practice patterns and preferred approaches to Oncoplastic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery (ORBS) undertaken by general surgeons specializing in breast surgery in Turkey. Cross-sectional study. Between December 2013 and February 2014, an eleven-question survey was distributed among 208 general surgeons specializing in breast surgery. The questions focused on the attitudes of general surgeons toward performing oncoplastic breast surgery (OBS), the role of the general surgeon in OBS and their training for it as well as their approaches to evaluating cosmetic outcomes in Breast Conserving Surgery (BCS) and informing patients about ORBS preoperatively. Responses from all 208 surgeons indicated that 79.8% evaluated the cosmetic outcomes of BCS, while 94.2% informed their patients preoperatively about ORBS. 52.5% performed BCS (31.3% themselves, 21.1% together with a plastic surgeon). 53.8% emphasized that general surgeons should carry out OBS themselves. 36.1% of respondents suggested that OBS training should be included within mainstream surgical training, whereas 27.4% believed this training should be conducted by specialised centres. Although OBS procedure rates are low in Turkey, it is encouraging to see general surgeons practicing ORBS themselves. The survey demonstrates that our general surgeons aspire to learn and utilize OBS techniques.

Background and aim: Few studies have focused on the symptoms of loco-regional morbidity in shoulders, arms, and breasts related to oncoplastic breast surgery (OPS). This study aimed to determine if a difference exists in the prevalence or variety of subjective symptoms of shoulder, arm, and breast morbidity in patients undergoing OPS compared with patients receiving conventional breast conserving surgery (C-BCS). Cosmetic result and body image were included as secondary endpoints. Methods: This prospective follow-up study with 18 months of questionnaire-based follow-up included women with breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ. They were divided into two groups – C-BCS or OPS – depending on type of surgery performed. Furthermore, patient, disease, and treatment characteristics were recorded. Results: Among 334 completers, 229 (69%) received C-BCS and 105 (31%) received OPS. Participants were comparable regarding age, comorbidity, BMI, re-excision rate (15–16%), and axillary surgery. As for tumor characteristics, a more advanced disease stage was shown in the OPS than in the C-BCS group with larger tumor and lumpectomy size, more multifocality, and the corresponding following systemic adjuvant therapy. The questionnaire revealed that the two groups were comparable with no significant differences in frequency or variety of symptoms of shoulder and arm morbidity. Overall, participants were highly satisfied with the cosmetic results in both groups and no significant inter-group differences were observed. Conclusion: In patients with larger tumors, breast conserving surgery utilizing oncoplastic techniques yields results regarding subjective shoulder, arm, and breast morbidity as well as cosmetic outcome comparable with those of C-BCS performed on smaller tumors. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, registration number: NCT02159274 (2014). HIGHLIGHTS Subjective symptoms of shoulder, arm, and breast morbidity are comparable when oncoplastic breast surgery is compared to conventional breast conserving surgery. The variety of symptoms of shoulder and arm morbidity following oncoplastic surgery does not differ from symptoms following conventional breast conserving surgery. The cosmetic outcome following oncoplastic breast surgery is comparable to breast conserving surgery without oncoplastic techniques.

Most of the approaches that were valid until recently in breast cancer surgery have undergone significant changes with rising awareness, increasing number of patients, and knowledge. It is important to repair the damage caused by surgical treatment performed in accordance with oncological principles and to obtain good cosmetic results. The quality-of-life indexes increase and body image is positively affected by the development of oncoplastic surgery and reconstruction techniques.The oncoplastic techniques are commonly used for the closure of glandular defects. Surgeons must pay attention to the breast volume, tumor location, the amount of breast tissue that would be removed, and the oncoplastic technique that may be required. Oncoplastic breast surgery allows wide local excision of the mass with good cosmetic results. In addition, a contralateral breast lift, breast augmentation or breast reduction may be required to accommodate the conceptually reconstructed breast. The use of oncoplastic breast surgery techniques results in lower mastectomy rates with equivalent local and long-term survival rates as compared with mastectomy and offers women the option of plastic and reconstructive interventions performed at the time of initial surgery. Mastectomy may be needed for large tumors, as breast-conserving surgery may not be possible or may not produce satisfactory cosmetic results. Breast reconstruction methods after mastectomy include autologous or implant-based breast reconstructions, which can be performed at the same time as the breast cancer surgery (immediate reconstruction) or at a later time (delayed reconstruction).Oncoplastic and reconstructive breast surgery minimizes the impact of breast cancer surgery and yields equivalent survival outcomes without psychological morbidity. With advanced techniques, better breast image than before can also be achieved. In this review, the technical details of oncoplastic breast surgery, surgical margin positivity management, reconstruction methods, radiation therapy given after reconstruction surgery, radiologic imaging modalities, and management of complications are discussed.

Obesity has nearly tripled in the last 50 years. During the last decades, oncoplastic breast surgery has become an important choice in the surgical treatment of breast cancer. An association exists between higher body mass index (BMI) and wound complications for major operations, but there is scarce literature on oncoplastic surgery. Hence, our aim was to compare the complication rates among patients who underwent oncoplastic surgery, stratified by BMI. Patient data were analyzed from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (NSQIP) for oncoplastic breast procedures (2005-2020). Patients were stratified according to World Health Organization obesity classifications. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess risk factors for complications (overall, operative, and wound-related). From a total of 6887 patients who underwent oncoplastic surgery, 4229 patients were nonobese, 1380 had Class 1 obesity (BMI: 30 to <35 kg/m2 ), 737 Class 2 obesity (BMI: 35 to <40 kg/m2 ), and 541 Class 3 obesity (BMI: ≥ 40 kg/m2 ). Greater operative time was found according to higher BMI (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis adjusted for baseline characteristics showed that patients with obesity Class 2 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-2.23, p = 0.037) and 3 (OR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.24-2.83, p = 0.003) had increased risk of overall and wound complications compared with Nonobese patients. Comparing obese with nonobese patients, there were no differences in rates of deep SSI, organ/space SSI, pneumonia, reintubation, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, urinary tract infection, stroke, bleeding, postoperative sepsis, length of stay, and readmission. Oncoplastic surgery is a safe procedure for most patients. However, caution should be exercised when performing oncoplastic surgery for patients with Class 2 or 3 obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 ), given there was a higher rate of overall and wound-specific complications, compared with patients who were not obese or had Class 1 obesity.

21 - Patient Satisfaction and Outcomes Following Oncoplastic Breast Surgery

Little is known about disparities in oncoplastic breast surgery delivery. The Massachusetts All-Payer Claims Database was queried for patients who received lumpectomy for a diagnosis of breast cancer. Oncoplastic surgery was defined as adjacent tissue transfer, complex trunk repair, reduction mammoplasty, mastopexy, flap-based reconstruction, prosthesis insertion, or unspecified breast reconstruction after lumpectomy. We identified 18 748 patients who underwent lumpectomy between 2016 and 2020. Among those, 3140 patients underwent immediate oncoplastic surgery and 436 patients underwent delayed oncoplastic surgery. Eighty-one percent of patients who underwent oncoplastic surgery did so in the same county as they underwent a lumpectomy. However, the relative frequency of oncoplastic surgery varied significantly among counties. In multivariable regression, public insurance status (odds ratio: 0.87, 95% confidence interval: 0.80-0.95, p = 0.002) was associated with lower odds of undergoing oncoplastic surgery, even after adjusting for macromastia, other comorbidities, and county of lumpectomy. Average payments for lumpectomy with oncoplastic surgery were more than twice as high from private insurers ($840 vs. $1942, p < 0.001). Disparities in the receipt of oncoplastic surgery were related to differences in local practice patterns and the type of insurance patients held. Expanding services across counties and considering billing reform may help reduce these disparities.

Introduction: The highest priority for modern clinical oncology is functionally-sparing and organ-conserving treatment. In Russia, breast cancer (BC), among all malignant tumors, accounted for 21.1 % of women in 2017. Oncoplastic radical resections (OPS-BCS = oncoplastic surgery – breast conserving surgery) have been widely used. This term means resection of the breast for cancer using plastic surgery to restore the shape of the breast, in most cases with one-stage correction of the contralateral breast. Purpose: It was the creation of various techniques of oncoplastic breast surgery, applicable for the appropriate localization of breast cancer and the evaluation of surgical, oncological and aesthetic results. Methods: From 2013 to 2017, in the P.A. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Center, organ-conserving surgery were performed in 570 patients with BC with an average age of 54.2. Stage 0 was diagnosed in 4.6 %, I – 5.9 %, IIA – 28.7 %, IIB – 6 %, IIIA – 5.1 %, IIIC – 3.3 %, IIIB – 0.2 %, IV – 0.2 %. Radical resection in the standard version was performed in 290 patients with breast cancer, oncoplastic breast surgery in various modifications – in 280. All patients after the organ-conserving surgical treatment received radiation therapy. Patients received chemotherapy, targeted therapy and hormone therapy according to the indications in depending the disease stage and the immunohistochemical type of the tumor. Results: After an urgent and planned morphological study positive margins of resection were revealed in 10 patients, which required reresection of the edges to a negative state of them in case of an urgent intraoperative response and mastectomy – in case of a planned response. Within 4 years, local recurrences were detected in 4 patients (0.7 %), which required a mastectomy with a one-stage reconstruction. In 1 patient (0.2 %), the disease progressed as metastases to the lung – in this case lobectomy and a necessary chemotherapy were conducted. Cosmetic results were defined as excellent in 70 % cases, good – 25 %, satisfactory – 5 %. Conclusion: If there are indications for organ-conserving treatment of breast cancer and the patient’s decision concerning this surgery, the patient should be offered methods of oncoplastic surgery for the prevention of psychological and emotional stress, effective rehabilitation, and a quick return to active social life.

Oncoplastic breast surgery slowly becomes a part of routine breast cancer surgical management but evidence with regard to oncological safety remains limited. The aim of this study was to compare relevant factors associated with the particular type of breast carcinoma and the applied surgical techniques either with or without oncoplastic surgery. This retrospective study enrolled the breast cancer female patients who underwent breast-conserving therapy alone or with the oncoplastic surgery in the Department of Surgical Oncology at the Center of Oncology of the Lublin Region St. Jana from Dukli in the years 2008–2011. The study involves 679 breast cancer patients who underwent oncoplasty (n = 81) and the control group (n = 598). There is a significant relationship between the histological type of breast cancer (p = 0.00000) along with the expression of estrogen and/or progesterone receptors (p = 0.01285) and the usage of oncoplastic surgery in breast cancer patients. Interestingly, in the majority of cases, there was no need to conduct a reoperation. Oncoplastic surgery is an effective and safe strategy that might be favorable especially for those patients who are potential candidates for more invasive surgical methods. High-quality evidence to support the oncological safety and benefits of oncoplastic breast surgery is lacking.