A systematic theoretical approach on using some heteroatom-decorated BC10N nanosheets for drug delivery of carmustine

Introduction/Objective: Microneedle technology has emerged as a promising approach for drug delivery, offering advantages such as improved patient compliance and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in microneedle- based drug delivery systems, emphasizing their potential to overcome limitations associated with traditional transdermal drug delivery methods. The objective is to synthesize existing knowledge, identify key trends, and highlight potential applications of microneedle technology in various medical fields. Methods: A systematic approach was employed to select and analyse relevant studies on microneedle technology. Databases were searched for peer-reviewed articles published and patents or patent applications worldwide within the last decade, focusing on innovations in microneedle materials, design, fabrication techniques, and applications. Studies were evaluated based on their methodology, outcomes, and relevance to current trends in drug delivery. Key data were extracted and synthesized to provide an integrated perspective on the state of microneedle technology. Results: The review highlights significant progress in microneedle technology; innovations in materials, fabrication techniques, and applications. Advancements include biodegradable microneedles, vaccine drug delivery systems, and integration with biosensors. Innovations led to improved drug bioavailability and reduced side effects. Challenges such as scalability, standardization, and regulatory considerations were also identified. Conclusion: In conclusion, microneedle technology has evolved significantly, offering a versatile platform for controlled drug delivery and various medical applications. The diversity in design and fabrication methods allows customization for specific therapeutic or diagnostic needs, with numerous patents filed for microneedle innovations, reflecting the intense research and development in this field.

Проблема личностных факторов, обеспечивающих эффективность трудовой деятельности, актуальна в современной организационной психологии. В качестве наиболее востребованной модели личности выступает «Большая пятерка». Несмотря на неоднозначность интерпретации названий отдельных шкал, она продолжает оставаться наиболее популярной. Цель данной статьи – обосновать преимущества использования модели личности «Большая пятерка» на основе системного подхода. Научное значение применения системного подхода определяется необходимостью прояснения методологического аппарата казахстанской психологии как в сфере научного исследования, так и в организации университетского образования. В качестве методологии исследования выступает системный подход В.А.Ганзена, разработанный в рамках ленинградской (санкт-петербургской) психологической школы. Теоретическая модель “Большая пятерка” описывает человека как целостную систему, а ее шкалы соответствуют по своему описанию подструктурам системы “Человек”: личности, субъекту деятельности и индивидуальности, чем обеспечивается ее популярность. Личностным фактором эффективной трудовой деятельности выступает при этом преимущественно шкала “сознательность”, а личностным фактором эффективной учебы и освоения новой информации выступает шкала “открытость к опыту”. Также было найдено логически верное соотношение понятий “Большая двойка” по Айзенку и ”Большая пятерка”. Системный подход позволил понять “Большую пятерку” как отражение системной природы психики человека, он представляется продуктивной методологической основой преподавания организационной психологии в университете. Ключевые слова: модель личности «Большая пятерка», системный подход, эффективность трудовой деятельности.

The objetive of the present thesis is to develop and test out a systematic approach to the analysis, design and implementation of Telecommunications-Supported Training (TST) systems. The Literature Review offers a set of approaches to similar problems in the field of Information Systems. Several other disciplines have also been considered: Psychology of Human Factors, Organizational and Innovation Theory, and applied research being currently carried out under the EU DELTA Programme. A global User-Centred Model of TST has been developed, based on the wellestablished principles of Systems Engineering and Soft Systems Methodology. The theoretical basis for this model is the concept of TST Architecture, conceived as a functional arrangement of technical components which are introduced in order to improve the performance of the actors involved in the system. The other key aspect is the design of a set of Adoption Strategies, aiming for the creation of the necessary conditions to achieve user acceptance of the technologies implemented. Following these principles, the ADAM (Architectural Design and Adoption Model) systematic approach is developed. It is structured in five stages: Context Analysis, System Analysis, System Design, System Implementation and System Maintenance. Each stage is structured into steps and activities, described in terms of key points, outcomes, deliverables, and roles involved. The ADAM approach has been tested out in its twofold dimension of analyzing already implemented TST systems and designing new ones. The first case discusses the application of ADAM to the EU Multimedia TeleSchool (MTS) TST system. The test is completed by discussing the design and implementation, performed by the author, of a TST system at the Universidad Politecnica de Madrid. The results confirm the usefulness of ADAM both for practitioners and researchers in the field. Also, the TST model is extended as regards the components of acceptance and adoption, and their impact on the introduction of technologies in organizations.

Background:In the field of drug delivery, smart and intelligent approaches have gained significant attention among researchers in order to improve the efficacy of conventional dosage forms. Material science has played a key role in developing these intelligent systems that can deliver therapeutic cargo on-demand. Stimuli responsive material based drug delivery systems have emerged as one of the most promising innovative tools for site-specific delivery. Several endogenous and exogenous stimuli have been exploited to devise “stimuli-responsive” materials for targeted drug delivery.Methods:For better understanding, these novel systems have been broadly classified into two categories: Internally Regulated Systems (pH, ionic strength, glucose, enzymes, and endogenous receptors) and Externally Regulated Systems (Light, magnetic field, electric field, ultrasound, and temperature). This review has followed a systematic approach through separately describing the design, development, and applications of each stimuli-responsive system in a constructive manner.Results:The development includes synthesis and characterization of each system, which has been discussed in a structured manner. From advantages to drawbacks, a detailed description has been included for each smart stimuli responsive material. For a complete review in this niche area of drug delivery, a wide range of therapeutic applications including recent advancement of these smart materials have been incorporated.Conclusion:From the current scenario to future development, a precise overview of each type of system has been discussed in this article. In summary, it is expected that researchers working in this novel area will be highly benefited from this scientific review.

Ferrohydrodynamics of blood containing magnetic nanocarriers was carried out in this study to evaluate the influence of magnetic field on the nanocarrier drug delivery formulation, with the goal of improving spatial control and efficiency in advanced targeted drug delivery systems. The model of magnetic field was carried out by Maxwell’ model, while the blood velocity through the vessel was modeled using Navier-Stokes equations. Then the results of computations were used as input data for development of machine learning (ML) models. Indeed, a comprehensive study on the prediction of velocity (U) based on input variables (x, y) using three different ML models: K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Decision Tree (DT), and Gradient Boosting (GB) was studied. To achieve this, a systematic approach is followed, including pre-processing tasks such as normalization, outlier detection, and data splitting into training and testing sets. Hyper-parameter optimization is performed using the Rain Optimization Algorithm (ROA) to fine-tune the models and improve their predictive capabilities. The final findings show the robustness of the DT, KNN, and GB models in predicting velocity. The DT model achieved an R2 value of 0.90278, highlighting a robust correspondence between model and expected values. The KNN model outperformed with an R² of 0.99088, showcasing its superior predictive accuracy, which is critical for precisely predicting nanoparticle trajectories and optimizing magnetic guidance in targeted cancer drug delivery. The GB model also exhibited strong performance with an R2 score of 0.96168.

Background: For many years, the mainstay of therapeutic intervention has been traditional drug delivery methods, such as tablets, capsules, injections, and topical formulations. Nevertheless, these methods have significant limitations that ultimately restrict clinical results and patient safety, including inadequate bioavailability, systemic toxicity, lack of regulated release, and poor selectivity. The development of nanotechnology has made it possible to precisely and logically build nanoscale carriers, opening up revolutionary avenues for medication delivery. These nanocarriers—ranging from liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles to dendrimers, inorganic platforms, and biomimetic systems—offer unprecedented control over pharmacokinetics, target-site accumulation, and multifaceted therapy. Methodology: This analytical review collates evidence from recent scientific literature—including PubMed, clinical trials, regulatory agency reports, and mainstream research platforms. A systematic approach is used to summarize the evolution of nanocarrier designs, mechanism of action (passive/active targeting, stimuli-responsive release, controlled/sustained delivery), and the diverse applications in cancer therapy, infectious disease management, gene delivery (siRNA, CRISPR), barrier-crossing strategies (e.g., blood–brain barrier), and personalized medicine. The review also critically evaluates recent innovations—such as smart, multifunctional and biodegradable nanocarriers, nanorobots, hybrid theranostic platforms, green synthesis, and clinically translated FDA-approved products—while outlining future opportunities including integration with artificial intelligence, patient-specific profiling, and regenerative medicine. Results: Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have successfully demonstrated improved bioavailability, reduced systemic toxicity, targeted and responsive drug release, and the ability to cross biological barriers. Major clinical milestones comprise FDA approval of nanomedicines (e.g., Doxil®, Abraxane®), the use of lipid nanoparticles in mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, and promising results in gene and immunotherapies. Smart nanocarriers now allow on-demand, sustained, and sitespecific drug release. The rapid integration of AI and machine learning into nanomedicine is enabling optimized, personalized treatments, with green nanotechnology advancing environmental safety and sustainability. Furthermore, nanomaterials are contributing to regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, facilitating precision tissue repair and stem cell modulation. Conclusion: Nanotechnology is revolutionizing the landscape of drug delivery by addressing the limitations of traditional systems and advancing medicine towards precision, adaptability, and sustainability. The ongoing progress in smart, multifunctional, and patient-specific nanomedicines, supported by clinical translation and regulatory approvals, underscores the vast therapeutic potential of this field.

In recent years, numerous proposals have been made with the aim of establishing a systematic hierarchy of relationships for languages for special purposes (LSP), and different approaches have been classified in terms of vertical and horizontal models. Recently, however LSP research has moved more and more towards Applied Linguistics and a segregation has emerged between studies focusing on systematic topics and those based on concrete case studies. While studies in applied LSP research have increased, work on systematic approaches has been neglected. The present study follows a different approach, in that instead of segregating the analysis of concrete case studies from the work on systematic approaches, examples from case studies will be used for testing and revising systematic approaches. In this paper we shall first address the question based on these examples of which long established classifications need to be revised, and consider further whether revising and applying classifications is the way to go in LSP research or whether there is a need for a new typology. In the present paper we shall thus be building on and developing the work on structuring LSP in (Roelcke 2014) and on project-specific terminology (Pelikan & Roelcke 2015).

Determination of alkalinity of water sample is generally carried out experimentally by titration method using a proper indicator. In the literature, five different cases of possible alkalinities are reported based on the experimental data of acid titration of water sample using phenolphthalein and methyl orange. The reported data is the volume of acid consumption and the relationship between the alkalinity causing ions present in the water sample. However, no systematic approach is available in the literature to understand these experimentally reported volume of acid utilized for neutralization reaction. To make students understand the key features of the reported experimental data, a systematic approach is presented in this study. By using a simple mathematics and a theoretical explanation to the reported reactions taking place during acid titration of water sample, a supplementary document is developed. The theoretical concept in the form of supplementary information is introduced without altering any data reported in the literature or experimental procedure.

Introduction The ideal Drug delivery systems (DDS) should be able to effectively and efficiently deliver the drugs to the targeted tissue or cells, releasing them at a desired rate while retaining their bioactivity. However, most DDS have some drawbacks, such as burst release, limited drug accumulation in the target organs, as well as off-target toxicity. Areas covered Nanolipogels or NLGs, which consist of a crosslinked core surrounded by a lipid membrane, are continuing to find applications in sustained drug delivery. The core is usually made of a polymer that is chemically crosslinked via the use of UV light or via ionic crosslinking. Studies have shown that varying the crosslink density of the core accomplishes two things: preventing leakage of cargo from the core; and entry into target cells without collapse of the NLG. Applications such as sustained siRNA delivery as well as targeted CRISPR delivery have been reported. Expert opinion To date no clinical trial has been reported for NanoLipoGels, and the drug/gene delivery applications are currently in the pre-clinical stage. More work directed toward selective targeting using NLGs is warranted, as is a more systematic approach toward the mechanism of cellular uptake. These foundational research steps are essential for advancing the technologies and accelerating the translation to the clinical stage.

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to propose a systematic approach to exploring potential partners for open innovation in order to facilitate the process of technological collaboration.Design/methodology/approach– The proposed approach utilizes patent information that is considered the most effective data to investigate innovation activities by applying morphology analysis (MA) and generative topology map (GTM) to the process to identify the configurations of technologies and visualize the collected patent information. In particular, diverse informative indices can assist researchers in deriving appropriate partners for technological cooperation.Findings– The hybrid approach that combines MA, GTM, and indices is useful to discover technological opportunity, identify necessary technologies and explore potential partners. The systematic process can overcome the limitations of existing approaches that depend on the insights and strategic decisions of top management, reflect a superficial relationship among firms and mostly fail to consider both theoretical and practical approaches to retrieve potential partners.Practical implications– The results of this paper will help practitioners, academic researchers, and policy makers link a pair of partners who can maximize the synergy of collaboration in a systematic manner. The proposed approach is illustrated to show the validity of the process with a case of light emitting diode (LED) technology. In addition, the social cost for collaboration can be reduced by applying the proposed approach in open innovation.Originality/value– This paper tackles the important issue of exploring appropriate partners by applying a systematic approach that utilizes text mining, MA and GTM because existing research mostly deals with ad-hoc processes. The proposed approach utilizes multiple methodologies of data mining and technology forecasting to derive promising technology areas in a systematic manner and then employs critical indices to explore proper partners. Thus, this approach considers both quantitative and qualitative methodologies to suggest a sophisticated tool for successful open innovation. Moreover, a real case – LED case was illustrated to demonstrate that the proposed approach can be employed to implement technological cooperation.

Grinding force modelling for ductile-brittle transition in laser macro-micro-structured grinding of zirconia ceramics

The article discusses the problem of ways the principles of post-nonclassical scientific rationality influence the field of social cognition. It is established that this effect is complex and is produced within the framework of three aspects – ontological, epistemological, and praxeological. The ontological aspect consists in the orientation on a holistic consideration of the object of research: society as a complex, self-developing system; the implementation of the principles of a systematic approach; the construction of pluralistic ontologies emphasizing the diversity of social reality and multifactorial social dynamics and its vision from the standpoint of synergetics, which can be considered as a theoretical development of a systematic approach in relation to the type of systems of interest to post-nonclassical science. The epistemological aspect consists in a holistic attitude in the interpretation of knowledge, manifested in overcoming the dilemma of the natural science and humanitarian worldviews, the formation of transdisciplinary research programs, awareness of the theoretical burden of the empirical foundation of social cognition, the need to build theoretical models of social reality. The complex relationship between the subject and the object of social cognition, its axiological load, theoretical and methodological pluralism were realized even before the emergence of post-nonclassical science, but these aspects were comprehended at a new level of scientific rationality development, which indicates the growth of reflexivity of social cognition. There is a complication of its structure due to the formation of a meta-theoretical level, which performs a philosophical, methodological, and reflexive function. This level includes, firstly, philosophical components – ontological representations (holistic perception of reality), epistemological representations (integrity of knowledge, the principle of comprehensive analysis), axiological representations (the value of truth, a variety of values that can influence social cognition), and, secondly, general scientific components – a systematic approach, principles of cybernetics and synergetics, the probability theory. The praxeological aspect is expressed in the awareness of the complex relationship between social theory and social practice, which is due to the multidimensional nature of social reality and the impossibility of its unambiguous schematization, the emphasis on the moral responsibility of social scientists when analyzing both trends in the development of the social system and their involvement in social engineering, the blurring of boundaries between the development of knowledge and its practical application, which is embodied in a wide dissemination of expert social knowledge. As a result, it is concluded that shifts in the sphere of social ontology initiate a change in the epistemological principles of social cognition, which, in turn, causes a change in its praxeological attitudes.

Methods. In the course of study, the following methods were used: a systematic approach – to identify the components of the agricultural sector’s resilience under martial law; the method of abstraction – to identify the essential features of resilience and sustainability of the national economy; the method of analysis and synthesis – to determine the interrelationships of the components' impact in the overall context of the agricultural sector's resilience; modelling – to develop a theoretical model of the agricultural sector's resilience; induction and deduction – to formulate the study's conclusions. Results. The article identifies the essential features of sustainability and resilience of the national economy. The relationship between the components of resilience and sustainable development of the agricultural sector under martial law is characterised. It is substantiated that in order to ensure sustainable development of the agricultural sector during martial law, it is important to simultaneously take into account its resilience (operational adaptability) and sustainability (environmental, economic and social balance). The main components of the sustainability of the agricultural sector of Ukraine are highlighted: economic, social, environmental, international support, logistics and infrastructure, and technological innovations. It is established that ensuring the resilience of the agricultural sector requires an integrated interaction of these components, since under martial law there is a decrease in cultivated areas, damage to infrastructure, disruptions in logistics and social threats. It is emphasised that the priority of ensuring the economic and environmental resilience of the agricultural sector of Ukraine is necessary not only for its survival under martial law, but also for creating the basis for post-war recovery. It is generalised that the implementation of the circular economy concept will allow combining economic sustainability with the environmental priorities of the agricultural sector, creating conditions for sustainable recovery after the war and strengthening international competitiveness. Novelty. The article proposes a theoretical model of resilience of Ukrainian agricultural sector in the form of a pyramid, the structure of which includes economic, social, environmental, technological and managerial components. The formation of a theoretical model of resilience in the form of a pyramid is an effective approach that emphasises the hierarchical nature of the interaction of key components, each of which has a practical implementation that meets modern challenges. Practical value. The results of the study can be used by institutions in the process of developing measures that promote the stability of the agricultural sector, improve logistics, infrastructure and technological innovation, which in turn supports the effective recovery and functioning of the industry under martial law and its sustainable development after the end of the war.

Purpose. The aim of the article is to define the role of project finance management in the conditions of the globalization of the international economy and analyse the main approaches to its implementation. Methodology of research. The following methods were used in the study: abstract and logical – to formulate theoretical conclusions about the concept of project finance; theoretical analysis and synthesis – to study the impact of the globalization of the international economy on project finance; systematic approach – to determine the relationship between management, project finance, and trends in the globalization of the international economy. Findings. It has been established that project finance plays a systemic and multifaceted role, providing a positive impact on key components of the international economy, in particular on infrastructure development, energy security, innovation, social and economic sustainability; contributes to the creation of new jobs, increasing the competitiveness of regions and countries, and supporting global sustainable development goals. Modern theoretical approaches to project finance are analysed, in particular, how globalization contributes to the integration of financial markets, expanding access to capital, and adaptation to changing economic and geopolitical conditions. It is proved that project finance significantly contributes to improving business efficiency by optimizing resources, reducing costs, and accelerating project implementation through innovative management and financial instruments. It is emphasized that project finance is a powerful driver of economic progress that combines economic, social and environmental benefits in the context of international integration. Originality. The systematization of the impact of project financing in the context of the globalization of the international economy has been further developed and its role as a synergistic systemic element of management that ensures the achievement of strategic goals, attracting various sources of funding and solving social problems has been substantiated. Practical value. The results of the study can be used to develop project financing management by international organizations in Ukraine aimed at restoring infrastructure and energy facilities. Key words: project financing, globalization, international economy, management, project.

Introduction. The relevance of the scientific substantiation of approaches to ensuring the sustainable development of the agro-food system is due to the growing impact of environmental factors on the internal structural balance and the target setting of the agro-food system. The sustainable development of the national agro-food system has begun to imply economic growth in order to achieve indicators of the physical and economic accessibility of quality food for the Russian population. At the same time, environmental priorities increasingly has begun to fade into the background, which contradicts the basic principles of the concept of sustainable development, which implies the unity of economic, social and environmental aspects. Research methodology. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is a systematic approach, the main provisions of which give grounds to consider the agro-food complex as a complex, dynamic and multi-level system of interconnected elements and diverse ordered relationships between them. Theoretical analysis. The article considers and systematizes theoretical approaches to the interpretation of the concept of “agro-food system”. The structural features of the agro-food complex as a system are highlighted. The stages of the reproduction process in all sectors of the agro-industrial complex are characterized through the prism of the economic, social and environmental components of the concept of sustainable development. Empirical analysis. Using a systematic approach, the influence of external and internal factors on the main criteria for the sustainability of the agro-food system has been studied. A conceptual framework for analyzing the resilience of agro-food systems in relation to external influences is presented. Potential for sustainability, adaptation and management are considered with regard to agro-food system. Conclusions. The relationship between the basic principles of ensuring the sustainability of agro-food systems and aspects of food security is revealed. The properties that are most significant for maintaining the sustainability of the agro-food system under the constant influence of external risks are identified.