Abstract
Abstract The Paleotropical genus Gaertnera Lam. (nom. cons.) comprises 69 species, plus one presumed natural hybrid, of shrubs and small trees found from West Africa to Sulawesi in southeastern Asia, with 13 of them newly described here. Gaertnera is characterized in the Rubiaceae by its tubular stipules of various forms, secondarily superior ovaries, and drupaceous fruits. Molecular phylogenetic analyses support Gaertnera as monophyletic and sister to the Neotropical genus Pagamea Aubl., but do not support infrageneric classification of Gaertnera. The morphology of Gaertnera is notably variable; molecular analyses indicate that most diversification is within regions, and that much of it is autapomorphic or homoplasious. Gaertnera species of Africa, Madagascar, the Mascarene Islands, and Sri Lanka are hermaphroditic and usually demonstrably distylous, while those of Southeast Asia for which information is available are dioecious, sometimes cryptically so, and apparently derived within the genus. All speci...
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