Abstract
The prostate gland is subject to various disorders. The etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases remain not well understood. Moreover, despite technological advancements, the differential diagnosis of prostate disorders has become progressively more complex and controversial. It was suggested that the antimony (Sb) level in prostatic tissue plays an important role in prostatic carcinogenesis and its measurement may be useful as a cancer biomarker. These suggestions promoted more detailed studies of the Sb content in the prostatic tissue of healthy subjects. The present study evaluated by systematic analysis the published data for Sb content analyzed in prostatic tissue of “normal” glands. This evaluation reviewed 1998 studies, all of which were published in the years from 1921 to 2020 and were located by searching the databases PubMed, Scopus, ELSEVIER-EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science. The articles were analyzed and “Median of Means” and “Range of Means” were used to examine heterogeneity of the measured Sb content in prostates of apparently healthy men. The objective analysis was performed on data from the 23 studies, which included 1173 subjects. It was found that the range of means of prostatic Sb content reported in the literature for “normal” gland varies widely from 0.0066 mg/kg to 0.071 mg/kg with median of means 0.0085 mg/kg on a wet mass basis. Because of small sample size and high data heterogeneity, we recommend other primary studies be performed.
Highlights
The prostate gland is subject to various disorders and of them chronic prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate cancer (PCa) are extremely common diseases of ageing men [1,2,3]
Information about Sb levels in prostatic tissue in different prostatic diseases is of obvious interest, to understand the etiology and pathogenesis of prostatic diseases more profoundly, and for their diagnosis, for PCa diagnosis and PCa risk prognosis [27,36]
It dictates a need for reliable values of the Sb levels in the prostatic tissue of apparently healthy subjects, ranging from young adult males to elderly persons
Summary
The prostate gland is subject to various disorders and of them chronic prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate cancer (PCa) are extremely common diseases of ageing men [1,2,3]. In our previous studies the significant involvement of trace elements (TEs) in the function of the prostate was found. It was shown that levels of TEs in prostatic tissue, including antimony (Sb), can play a significant role in etiology of PCa [16,17,18,19,20]. It was demonstrated that the changes of some TE levels and Zn/Sb ratios in prostate tissue can be used as biomarkers [21,22,23,24,25,26,27]
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