A systematic literature review of the theoretical foundations of therapeutic and recuperative approaches through physiatry interventions involving prism adaptation in unilateral spatial neglect after brain injuries

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Unilateral Spatial Neglect (USN) is a neurological disorder where individuals do not recognize objects or events in the hemispace opposite the brain lesion, focusing instead on items in the ipsilesional visual-spatial area hemifield [1, 2]. USN occurs in approximately 50% of individuals following a stroke that affects the right cerebral hemisphere and may persist in 75% of these individuals during the chronic phase. It can also develop after other brain injuries[3]. This syndrome significantly impacts the individual's quality of life and level of functionality. Several rehabilitative interventions have been designed to enhance or resolve USN, with prism adaptation gaining increased focus in recent years. [4] The study aims to emphasize the therapeutic effects of Prism Adaptation Therapy (PAT) in addressing Spatial Neglect (SN) following brain damage. We conducted a comprehensive literature review to assess the current state of research and the knowledge level related to the selected topic. The internationally recognized Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method was used to select and filter material. As a result, we used search keywords and keyword combinations in the following four international databases: Elsevier [5], PubMed [6], PMC [7], and PEDro [8]. These articles were published in English in ISI Web of Knowledge/Science indexed journals from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2023. We selected this timeframe because we noticed a significant increase in the density and concreteness of related studies after 2020. After using the PRISMA system, eliminating duplicates, and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 studies were included in the systematic literature review. No research on the selected topic has been highlighted in the Romanian literature. This research study will allow us to evaluate the beneficial contribution of treatment with prism lenses for USN following brain injuries. Thus, we hope it will enhance the quality of life for these patients and support a more comprehensive and effective recovery program for them. Participating in optimizing evaluation and treatment algorithms for patients with these conditions will hopefully lead to a more effective therapeutic approach that maximizes efficacy, benefiting both the patient and the healthcare and social systems.