Abstract
Clay catalyst has brought a revolution in catalysis for the last few decades. Due to important physiochemical properties of clay-like surface area, composition, plasticity, structure, sorption capacity, cation exchange capacity, etc. increased demand for clay catalyst in various chemical industries. Bentonite clay is one of the important phyllosilicates minerals from the smectite group of minerals and contained mostly of Mont montmorillonite. Mainly-two types of bentonite exist, calcium bentonite and sodium bentonite. Major applications of bentonite are in iron and animal oil pelletization, in the drilling of petroleum oil recovery, in catalysis of organic reactions, in wastewater treatment, etc. In this research, bentonite is used as a catalyst in esterification reaction and as an adsorbent in heavy metal removal from wastewater. The main objective of this research is to study and compare the use of bentonite as a catalyst in esterification reaction and adsorbent in wastewater treatment. The aim of this research is to study related to bentonite clay such as the classification of bentonite and application of bentonite in various fields along with its merit and demerits. An outcome of the research is that bentonite gives its accuracy as a catalyst in esterification reaction and as an adsorbent for heavy metal ions.
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