Abstract
Postharvest diseases of fruits caused by phytopathogens cause losses up to 50% of global production. Phytopathogens control is performed with synthetic fungicides, but the application causes environmental contamination problems and human and animal health in addition to generating resistance. Yeasts are antagonist microorganisms that have been used in the last years as biocontrol agents and in sustainable postharvest disease management in fruits. Yeast application for biocontrol of phytopathogens has been an effective action worldwide. This review explores the sustainable use of yeasts in each continent, the main antagonistic mechanisms towards phytopathogens, their relationship with OMIC sciences, and patents at the world level that involve yeast-based-products for their biocontrol.
Highlights
Fruit is an important resource in human diet because of its contribution in vitamins, minerals, organic acids, fiber, among others [1]
We describe the use and applications of yeasts as biocontrol agents and its role in global sustainable postharvest disease management of fruits, including the characteristics of antagonist yeasts, their mechanisms of action, interaction with OMIC
Biocontrol commercial products for postharvest disease control have been developed, the search for new antagonists continues to allow the development of more effective biocontrol products that can be incorporated into crop sustainable management including fruits [23]
Summary
Fruit is an important resource in human diet because of its contribution in vitamins, minerals, organic acids, fiber, among others [1]. The main strategy to control fungal infections at the postharvest level in fruit is the application of synthetic fungicides [9]. These products have negative effects on human, animal, and environmental health [10,11] and induce resistance in phytopathogens [12,13]. Yeasts stand out for their antagonistic capacity, for example, they have certain characteristics, such as genetic stability, efficacy at low concentrations; control towards different phytopathogens [17]; simple nutritional requirements; survival under adverse environmental conditions; compatibility with other chemical and physical treatments; resistance to synthetic fungicides; and absence of pathogenicity towards the host [18,19]. We describe the use and applications of yeasts as biocontrol agents and its role in global sustainable postharvest disease management of fruits, including the characteristics of antagonist yeasts, their mechanisms of action, interaction with OMIC sciences, and future trends in their application
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