A Survey to Assess the Scope of Preference Matching Deferred Acceptance Mechanism in India

Tie-breaking and efficiency in the laboratory school choice

Static versus dynamic deferred acceptance in school choice: Theory and experiment

We analyze a subgame perfect equilibrium (SPE) of an extensive game with perfect information induced by the firm-oriented deferred acceptance (DA) algorithm in a one-to-one matching market between firms and workers. When no agents are strategic, the resulting outcome is the firm-optimal stable matching. We show that the worker-optimal stable matching is the unique SPE outcome when only workers are strategic. By contrast, multiple SPE outcomes may exist, possibly including unstable matchings when only firms are strategic. We show that every firm weakly prefers any SPE outcome to the worker-optimal stable matching and that the matching induced by Kesten's efficiency-adjusted DA algorithm can be achieved as a SPE. When both workers and firms are strategic, we also show that the worker-optimal stable matching is still the unique SPE outcome. Hence, the strategic behavior of workers yields the worker-optimal stable matching in a dynamic implementation of the firm-oriented DA algorithm. Our results reveal that the workers strategic behavior yields a reversal property in a dynamic implementation of the firm-oriented DA algorithm.

Theory points to a potential trade-off between two main school assignment mechanisms; Boston and Deferred Acceptance (DA). While DA is strategy-proof and gives a stable matching, Boston might outperform DA in terms of ex-ante efficiency. We quantify the (dis)advantages of the mechanisms by using information about actual choices under Boston complemented with survey data eliciting students' school preferences. We find that under Boston around 8% of the students apply to another school than their most-preferred school. We compare allocations resulting from Boston with DA with single tie-breaking (one central lottery; DA-STB) and multiple tie-breaking (separate lottery per school; DA-MTB). DA-STB places more students in their top-n schools, for any n, than Boston and results in higher average welfare. We find a trade-off between DA-STB and DA-MTB. DA-STB places more students in their single most-preferred school than DA-MTB, but fewer in their top-n, for n >= 2. Finally, students from disadvantaged backgrounds benefit most from a switch from Boston to any of the DA mechanisms.

We use a unique combination of register and survey data from Amsterdam to investigate the performance of school assignment mechanisms in prac-tice. We find that deferred acceptance (DA) results in higher mean welfare than the adaptive Boston mechanism. This is due to students making strategic mistakes. The welfare gain of a switch from actual Boston to DA is over 90% of the welfare difference between actual Boston and optimal (proxy) Boston. Disadvantaged and lower-ability students would benefit most from such a switch.

For school choice problems with affirmative action, responsiveness is used as a measure of how a matching mechanism performs in terms of a certain type of affirmative action policy. We know that the Deferred Acceptance (DA) mechanism is not responsive to the priority-based affirmative action on the universal domain of school choice. As a further study, we show in this paper that, the DA mechanism is responsive to the priority-based affirmative action if and only if the schools' priority structure satisfies an acyclicity condition characterized in this paper. This acyclicity condition is stronger than Dogan's acyclicity, which is the necessary and sufficient condition for the DA mechanism to be responsive to the reserved-based affirmative action.

Background In this article, we provide two views on product design engineering education of two design educators from Korea and Australia. We argue that industrial design and engineering design need to be combined in order to support a total design philosophy that aims to improve design education. Therefore, the changing direction of design education for a total design perspective — and Korean and Australian design education — including industry situations are discussed. Product design education in Korea has focused on developing the physical appearance of a product. The concept of engineering design was recently introduced in Korea, and most design schools still belong to art schools. Nowadays, Korean industry is required to develop new businesses in the manufacturing sector, as the industry is facing the situation where ‘fast follower’ strategy does not work for sustained growth and ultimately sustained success. This has grabbed the attention of product design engineers who can develop creative designs and materialize the concepts. In contrast, Australia is facing the end of a mining boom as well as a significant decline in automotive manufacturing. This has forced industry to challenge innovation in manufacturing which has generally been made up of SMEs. As such, the role of product design engineering is emphasized. We conclude that product design engineering education with industrial design and mechanical engineering can be primitive to strengthen the competitiveness of the manufacturing industry in both countries. Methods The views provided in this article were assembled from the existing literature, and based on our current experience of running design engineering convergence education programs in undergraduate and graduate levels. In general, the arguments made in this article are not attracted from theoretical and empirical research. They are rather based on our own perspectives of design engineering education. Thus, the views can be more critically based on holistic analyses of industry situations. Results & Conclusions In this article, we examine that how a strong and well-defined product design engineering program within a university context can add significant value to the industry. Product design engineering is a hybrid program that combines analytical engineering sciences with creative industrial design capabilities. It provides a platform that can reshape product offerings for companies that seek to diversify or expand into new markets. Product design engineering links seamlessly toward current industry needs by producing creative design engineers at the forefront of innovation and new product development.

We investigate efficient and minimally unstable Pareto improvements over the deferred acceptance (DA) mechanism—a popular school choice mechanism that is stable but not efficient. We show that there is no Pareto improvement over the DA mechanism that is minimally unstable among efficient assignments when the stability comparison is based on counting the number of blocking pairs. Our main result characterizes the priority profiles for which there exists a Pareto improvement over the DA assignment that is minimally unstable among efficient assignments. We further consider an alternative natural stability comparison based on the set of blocking students who are involved in at least one blocking pair, show that the impossibilities remain, and characterize the possibility domain of priority profiles.

We investigate efficient and minimally unstable Pareto improvements over the deferred acceptance (DA) mechanism — a popular school choice mechanism which is stable but not efficient. We show that there is no Pareto improvement over the DA mechanism which is minimally unstable among efficient assignments when the stability comparison is based on counting the number of blocking pairs. Our main result characterizes the priority profiles for which there exists a Pareto improvement over the DA assignment that is minimally unstable among efficient assignments. We further consider an alternative natural stability comparison based on the set of blocking students who are involved in at least one blocking pair, show that the impossibilities remain, and characterize the possibility domain of priority profiles.

In this paper, we consider a house allocation with existing tenants model in which each transaction is costly for the central authority, a housing office. We compare two widely studied mechanisms, deferred acceptance (DA) and top trading cycles (TTC), based on their costs for the housing offices. A mechanism in which more existing tenants are assigned to their current house is preferred for the housing offices due to the costs of moving. We show that although there is no dominance between the two mechanisms, DA has more desirable features in terms of the cost efficiency for the housing offices. Then we include the welfare of the housing office in the welfare analysis and redefine the Pareto efficiency notion. We show that every fair matching is Pareto efficient. Based on the extended Pareto efficiency definition, the DA mechanism is the unique Pareto efficient, fair, and strategy-proof mechanism.

Information is required for the overall development of society and it is possible only if information is properly utilized. It can be achieved if library and informational professional understand their patron’s information needs and information seeking behaviour and accordingly manage libraries. Hence an understanding of human information seeking behavior is fundamental to the provision of quality library and information services. Information is vital resource and needed by students at all levels to enhance their academic performance. Students at undergraduate level are not aware of information resources and services and they are overloaded with the information available in the digital environment as they need relevant as well as accurate information. Library users prefer flexibility and convenience and all these factors are contributing towards changes in their information seeking behavior. Keeping these considerations in mind, Survey Method was adopted to assess the information seeking behaviour of students at UG level in Shaheed Sukhdev College of Business Studies, University of Delhi as case study to determine the use of major information resources for academic purposes and the general pattern of information seeking behaviour. This study is mainly an analytical and descriptive study based on the response of the students. The random sampling technique is used to collect the data with sample size of 100 questionnaires. Quantitative methods are used in analyzing the data.

Matching in the large: An experimental study

This study examines the relationships among the school intellectual capital,the school innovation management and school competitiveness of the elementary and junior high schools, the brand-molding, and the differences of school competitiveness. The research subjects are the principals, directors, low leader and teachers of th Yilan County junior high and elementary schools. The research results are deducted from the analysis of the findings, the survey of the questionnaires, and the focus group interviews catering to the research purposes and research questions. The analysis results provide suggestions for future researches for the educational administrative institutes, for the junior high and elementary schools , and teachers. Based on previous researches, a research theoretical scaffolding was built with the focus group analysis technique. The questionnaire of the school intellectual capital,the school innovation management and school competitiveness the elementary and junior high schools, was used to draw random samples of the 1,006 principals, directors, low leader and teachers of the Yilan County. There were 886 effective questionnaires. The dada was analyzed by the Windows SPSS 18.0 statistics analysis software, analyzing the mean value and standard deviations of the view points of the subjects school intellectual capital,the school innovation management and school competitiveness the elementary and junior high schools. Analysis of variance and the Scheffe method were conducted to compare subjects from different school backgrounds and community backgrounds to decide if they have obvious differences upon school competitiveness, school intellectual capital,the school innovation management. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used in analyzing school intellectual capital,the school innovation management and the school competitiveness. With the analyzed data from the questionnaires along with the researches and the information acquired from the interviews, the following conclusions are formed after comprehensive discussions： 1. Schools intellectual capital, innovation management research for school competitive with the times, the value and applicability. 2. Schools intellectual capital, innovation management and development of the school competitive with theoretical support. 3. Master dissertation domestic capital for innovative business school research and competitive intelligence school, are taking a positive conclusion. 4. The elementary and junior high schools intellectual capital, innovative business schools, schools at all levels are competitive and are performance level. 5. Performance in terms of male educators school intellectual capital, senior and young teachers, principals, and full-time or subject teachers, new schools and a short history of the school educational personnel, representing a higher level of consciousness of other educational personnel. 6. Higher principals than other educational personnel at the school level of perceived innovation management. 7. The degree of intellectual capital, the higher the degree of innovative business schools, their schools more competitive good. 8. Elementary, city (towns and villages) Center Area and mountainous and remote areas, relationship capital, the higher the degree of schools' competitiveness of its high schools. 9. Educators 'Masters and Ph.D.' qualifications, the lower level of consciousness competitiveness. 10. The higher the degree of intellectual capital schools, their school innovation more favorable operating performance. 11. Young and senior education officers perceived a higher degree of innovative business school, rural areas schools, moderate size of the school, the school innovation more favorable operating performance. 12. The elementary and junior high schools intellectual capital of highly positive correlation between the level of competitiveness and schools at all levels. 13. The elementary and junior high schools innovation management of highly positive correlation between the level of competitiveness and schools at all levels. 14. The elementary and junior high schools at all levels of intellectual capital and innovation management schools reached a high positive correlation between the levels. 15. The elementary and junior high schools explanatory power of intellectual capital on highly competitive schools predictive power. 16. The elementary and junior high schools to explain the power of innovative business school is highly competitive predictive power. 17. The elementary and junior high schools to explain the power of intellectual capital is a highly innovative business schools predict. 18. The elementary and junior high schools relational model of intellectual capital, innovation management and competitiveness in school, school innovation management as a mediator. Another study based on the conclusions put forward concrete proposals to enable the competent educational authority, the national primary and secondary schools, teachers and researchers subsequent reference.

21세기 핵심 키워드 중의 하나는 디자인이다. 현대사회는 시간이 갈수록, 사회가 발전할수록 한 국가의 미래에 막대한 영향을 미치는 디자인의 경쟁력이 가속화되고 있다. 또한 이러한 추세에 발맞추어 시대 변화에 대처하기 위한 디자인 교육에 전 세계가 관심을 보이고 있다. 특히 정보화에 앞선 선진국에서는 창의성과 자기주도적 문제해결력을 갖춘 인간의 육성을 위해 디자인을 중심으로 하는 교과구성을 그 해결책으로 삼고 있다.<BR> 오늘날 사회적 관심과 의식 전환에 힘입어 우리나라에서도 디자인교육의 중요성이 나날이 강조되고는 있으나 정작 학교 현장의 디자인수업에서는, 대학입시에 편중된 수업체제 속에서 디자인 본래의 본질과 의미를 이해하고 체험할 만한 여건이 마련되지 못하고 있는 실정이다.<BR> 디자인의 교육적 적용의 핵심은 과정중심에 있다. 현재 미술과 디자인 영역의 교육내용은 ‘디자인 사고력’을 키우기 위함이라는 목표를 전제로 디자인 원리와 수행과정을 강조하고는 있으나 실제로는 각 디자인의 개별 영역에 대한 지식을 학습한 후 이를 표현하는 결과중심에 그치고 있다.<BR> 이에 본 연구에서는 중등교육에 있어서 디자인 프로세스의 교육적 적용을 제언하고자 한다. 디자인 프로세스 교육에는 디자인교육과 미술교육이 공통적으로 추구하는 목표인 창의성의 함양이 전제되어 있으며 창조적 문제해결 과정이 주된 교육내용이다. 즉, 미술과 디자인을 통하여 보다 자연스럽게 창조적 문제해결력을 습득하게 하는 학습 방법으로서의 디자인 프로세스교육은 그동안 형식에 치우쳤던 결과중심의 미술교육에서 디자인교육의 본질을 이해하고 체험하게 하는 데 유효한 대안이라고 사료된다.<BR> 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 점에 착안하여 중등학교 미술교과에서 디자인 프로세스의 교육적 적용의 의의와 당위성에 대해 고찰함으로써 새로운 디자인교육 방안구안을 위한 이론적 기초를 마련하는 데 주안을 두었다.

The increased participation of women in higher education in India since 1947 has not received the scholarly attention it deserves. Since independence, there have been shifts–dispersal and clustering of women students in various disciplines in higher education. There is a need to understand the processes of decision making regarding schooling, subject choice and access (physical and social) to higher education. The article examines the factors affecting the subject choices of women in higher education and how diverse contexts of gender consideration influence choices made at the post-secondary and undergraduate levels. This exploratory study of women students at a university in Delhi showed that the family and the school were the key institutions that shaped their choice of subjects. In the family, the father played a prominent role in deciding the subject choice, and gender mediated the entire decision-making process. At the undergraduate level, women’s subject choice was compromised by concerns related to their gender. Priority was given to the institution, to its location and to the availability of an attached hostel, rather than to the subject or discipline.