A survey on human resources of dentists who deal with periodontal disease in Beijing

Treatment of localized periodontal disease in pregnancy does not reduce the occurrence of preterm birth: results from the Periodontal Infections and Prematurity Study (PIPS)

Comprehensive Periodontal Therapy: A Statement by the American Academy of Periodontology

Objective: Periodontal treatments are a very important part of general dentistry. This study aimed to evaluate general dentists' perspectives on surgical and non-surgical periodontal treatments and to examine the decision criteria of these dentists to refer their patients to a periodontist. Materials and Methods: The survey used in this study consisted of 28 questions and was delivered to general dentists online. The survey primarily asks dentists about their gender, age, information about the institution they work in, and years of professional experience. Other questions in the survey include topics related to periodontal examination, referral to a periodontist for phase 1 periodontal treatment, referral for periodontal surgical treatment, surgical treatments applied and their frequency, and periodontal surgical treatment procedures. Results: A total of 171 general dentists (85-male, 86-female) with an average age of 34±10 answered the survey questions. The rate of participants who stated that they performed the phase 1 periodontal treatment of their patients themselves was 77.8%, while the rate of those who performed the surgical periodontal treatment themselves was 20.5%. No statistically significant relationships were obtained between the participants' gender, the institution they work in, and their responses regarding periodontal diagnosis and treatments. (p>0.05) The rates of performing a periodontal examination and obtaining a periodontal index in the first session are 70.1% and 38.0% for dentists working in private practice, while they are 44.1% and 14.7% for dentists working in a public hospital. In addition, it has been determined that all physicians who perform surgical treatments themselves work in private practice. (p<0.05) Conclusion: It has been determined that general dentists mostly apply non-surgical treatments themselves, but often refer them to a periodontist for surgical treatments. It was revealed that the working institution was effective in the decision to refer to a periodontist, but gender or professional experience was not effective.

Objective To investigate the basic periodontal treatment of periodontal disease treatment effect of orthodontic patients. Methods A retrospective study was performed on 68 cases of periodontal disease who were admitted from July 2008 to July 2016.Patients received periodontal basic treatment combined with orthodontic treatment, the periodontal treatment was observed before(T0 stage), 12 consecutive weeks of periodontal treatment(T1 stage), patients with periodontal disease stable quiescent teeth after treatment combined with orthodontic treatment(T2 stage)and different treatment period of periodontal depth, loose, the bleeding on probing were recorded, attachment loss, application of CBCT measurement of root length, density of alveolar bone and the cemento enamel junction and the alveolar ridge crest spacing and other indicators, assessment of patients before and after treatment were performed. Results During the treatment, patients with root length, cemento enamel junction and the alveolar ridge crest spacing had no statistically significant difference(P>0.05), the tooth periodontal treatment and orthodontic treatment were corrected on the root and alveolar bone resorption which had no obvious effect.T1 and T2 stage alveolar bone density and T0 stages had obvious differences, especially the T2 stage compared with T1 had more significant differences(P<0.05). The masticatory efficiency improvement of periodontal disease in patients with periodontal treatment and orthodontic treatment, the probing depth and mobility of the loss of status and bleeding on probing point proportion were improved significantly, T1 and T2 stages of periodontal indices were significantly higher than those of T0 stage, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). After the treatment, the masticatory efficiency was significantly increased(P<0.05). Conclusion Periodontal treatment can take control of periodontal disease development, through oral environmental control to improve the quality of the late periodontal orthodontic corrective maintenance, help to maximize efficacy, improve the patients′ periodontal aesthetic form, and improve the chewing function. Key words: Basic treatment; Periodontal disease; Orthodontic treatment

The aim of the present study was to investigate the diagnosis, treatment, and referral patterns of periodontal patients by general dental practitioners (GDP). A questionnaire was mailed to registered GDP with publicly-listed postal addresses in Tasmania, Australia. Information was collected on demographics, training and professional development, examination, diagnosis and referral patterns, and periodontal treatment patterns. Seventy-seven (44.5%) questionnaires were completed. Over 85% always or usually screened for periodontal disease. On average, 0 to ≤7 patients were diagnosed with periodontal disease. GDP were always or usually confident in treating gingivitis (100%), mild (98.7%) and moderate periodontitis (73.7%), and rarely or never confident in treating severe (81.6%) and aggressive periodontitis (86.8%). Over 38% frequently referred to periodontists, 35.5% sometimes, 21.1% rarely, and 5.3% never. Clinical factors associated with referral were periodontal pocketing of ≥6mm, tooth mobility, no improvement following treatment, and a complex medical history. Most GDP performed periodontal screening and diagnosis. They were confident in treating gingivitis and mild-to-moderate periodontitis. Referral to a periodontist was associated with disease severity, tooth mobility, a complex medical history, or unsuccessful treatment.

Introduction: Periodontal disease is a chronic, inflammatory disease that can lead to various destructive changes in the periodontium as well as systemic health. Periodontology is a fast-growing dental specialty ranging from new advances in diagnosis and treatment. Despite these new advances, the knowledge of periodontal diagnosis and treatment in the minds of general dentists is still lagging. General dentists need to be aware of how to diagnose and treat periodontal disease in the early stage, so there is a need for periodontal health awareness programs to be held at regular intervals. This questionnaire study aims to identify the knowledge regarding periodontal diagnosis and treatment modalities available for patients among practicing dental professionals. Materials and Methods: Two hundred dental practitioners having their dental clinics in any area of Bathinda, Punjab, were interviewed through a questionnaire. Dental practitioners with minimum qualifications of BDS and experience of at least 1 year in the private clinical setup were included in the study. The questionnaire consisted of 15 questions ranging from the chief periodontal complaints of the patients, availability of the treatment, and different techniques used to the level of satisfaction of private dentists after the periodontal treatment. Results: There is enough awareness regarding periodontal problems and its management, as 157 dentists out of 200 refer their patients to periodontists. General dentists perform scaling and root planing, advice oral hygiene instructions, provide diet counseling, and refer to periodontists only for surgical procedure. Lack of maintenance and awareness toward oral hygiene measures was identified by the survey as the chief factor for recurrence of periodontal disease. Conclusion: Such studies performed at different time intervals can provide an idea about the changing trends and patterns of dental treatment performed by general dental practitioners.

Background: Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) are associated with periodontal disease owing to the induction of a chronic systemic inflammatory response. Hence, knowledge of periodontal status during pregnancy is important in order to reduce the risk of APOs. The aim of this study was to compare the risk of APOs in women with and without periodontal disease to ascertain whether regular scaling performed prior to pregnancy improves the risk of APOs. Method: This case-control study enrolled1,386,887 pregnant women from the National Health Insurance Research Database who gave birth to their first child between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2014. The study population included mothers who gave birth to low birth weight (LBW) and non-LBW newborns, totaling 86,958 and 1,299,929, respectively. Scaling and periodontal emergency treatment during and before pregnancy were assessed. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the associations between periodontal treatment and LBW risk. Results: Compared with the comparison cohort, the pregnant women who didnot have periodontal emergency treatment or scaling treatment during pregnancy exhibited a significantly increased risk of LBW than those who had treatment. Women who underwent scaling within the2 years before pregnancy or during pregnancy had a lower risk of delivering a LBW baby (odds ratio (OR), 0.93; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.91–0.94). In the normal group, the mothers who had periodontal emergency treatment within the2 years before pregnancy or during pregnancy had a higher risk of delivering a LBW baby (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02–1.08). In those who had scaling treatment, a lower risk of delivering a LBW baby was noted (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93–0.97). Conclusion: The risk of LBW was significantly increased in women who underwent periodontal treatment, and our findings suggested that periodontal disease is an important risk factor for preterm LBW babies in an East Asian population.

The speciality of periodontology has been evolved with leaps and bounds in all aspects ranging from advances in diagnostic aids to use of growth factors and periodontal regeneration techniques in treatment, thus making speciality per se reach new heights. Moreover, with development of technology, periodontal treatment is freely accessible to general dental practitioners. However, knowledge of periodontal diagnosis and treatment is usually limited to undergraduate level and most of times private practice deals only with chief complaint of patient. Evaluate the knowledge and perception of general dentists towards periodontal treatment.The study involved a survey for 50 practicing general dentists having their clinics in Hubli-Dharwad city with qualification of Bachelor of Dental Surgery only. A pre-tested close ended questionnaire was distributed comprising of 20 questions and knowledge, perception levels were assessed. Percentage-wise distribution of responses to various questions was used. Although 90.4% of general dentists did believe in the success of periodontal treatment and did recommend their patients to undergo various periodontal treatment procedures, 88.5% of the dentists performed most of periodontal surgeries and phase I therapy on their own. 78% of dentists referred cases to specialist only for grafting, ridge augmentation and dental implant procedures. About 71.2% of dentists considered gingival health for prosthetic considerations and 94.2% of them did evaluate periodontal condition before referring case for orthodontic treatment. It was noted that 84.6% of dentists followed up periodontal cases as a part of maintenance phase and 57.7% of them did attend CDE program regarding consequences periodontal disease progression and its treatment outcomes in past 1 year. In this study, dentists reported rendering nonsurgical and surgical periodontal therapy on a wide scale. Majority of dentists did attend CDE programs on periodontology and have gained knowledge about periodontal disease and its current treatment modalities. Although dentists do have good perception on success of periodontal treatment, majority of nonsurgical and surgical periodontal treatment was performed by general dentists on their own. Thus the need of the hour is to establish a proper periodontal referral relationship among the general dentists of Hubli-Dharwad. Although dentists do have good perception on success of periodontal treatment, majority of nonsurgical and surgical periodontal treatment was performed by general dentists on their own. Thus the need of the hour is to establish a proper periodontal referral relationship among the general dentists of Hubli-Dharwad city.

Objective To explore the effect of periodontal foundation treatment on serum interleu- kin （IL） -6 and leptin levels in patients with chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Thirty-four patients with chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted to our hospital from June 2010 to Feb. 2012 served as observation group, and 34 patients with chronic periodontitis alone as control group. All patients were given periodontal foundation treatment. Parameters including bleeding on probing （BOP）, probing depth （PD）, attachment loss （AL）, and serum levels of IL-6 and leptin were measured before and after treatment, and compared between the two groups. Results Before treatment, the serum levels of IL-6 and leptin in observation group were （3.42 ±0. 31 ） and （ 1.24 ± 1.13） p,g/L, which were significantly higher than those in control group （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. After treatment for three months, BOP, PD, AL and serum levels of IL-6 and leptin were significantly lower than those before the treatment in two groups [（ 3. 12± 0. 34）, （ 1.01 ±0. 50 ） ug/L] （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion The periodontal foun- dation treatment can effectively improve periodontal status and decrease the serum levels of IL-6 and leptin in patients with chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Key words: Periodontal treatment; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Interleukin-6; Leptin

Periodontal disease (PD) is associated with more than 50 diseases and conditions, including colorectal cancer. The study aimed to investigate if periodontal treatment influences the blood levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in colorectal cancer patients. In addition, the aim was to isolate periodontal pathogenic bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum (FN) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG), which are most linked to colorectal cancer (CRC), from the mucosa of the cancer-affected intestine. To assess the effect of periodontal treatment on colorectal cancer, we measured the CRP levels in the blood during cancer therapy on the day of the initial examination by the oncological surgeon, two days following surgery, and at the first follow-up appointment. We compared the CRP levels between two groups: the group of subjects who underwent periodontal treatment and the patients who did not receive periodontal disease treatment. An attempt was made to isolate the periodontal pathogenic bacteria FN and PG from the mucosa of the cancerous tissue in the colon by using quantitative culture. We found no statistically significant difference between the groups in the initial CRP measurements before starting cancer treatment. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the CRP measurements taken 1st and 2nd day after surgery and at the follow-up appointment. We could not isolate periodontal pathogenic bacteria FN and PG from cancer-altered intestine mucosa using the quantitative culture method. Our study did not find any correlation between periodontal treatment and CRC.

Periodontal treatment associated with decreased diabetes mellitus–related treatment costs: An analysis of dental and medical claims data

Artificial intelligence (AI) and various subunits of AI such as artificial neural networks (ANN), Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL) and deep neural networks (DNN) are being tried to diagnose and plan treatment for periodontal diseases. This narrative review aims to discuss the current evidence on the applications of AI for the diagnosis and risk prediction of periodontal/peri-implant diseases. A search strategy with the following keywords: (Artificial intelligence [MeSH Terms]) AND (Periodontal disease [MeSH Terms]) was used to search for articles from 2000 to 2024. AI models using patient-related data, signs and symptoms of the disease, immunological biomarkers and microbial profiles aid in effective diagnosis and planning treatment. AI is also used in periodontal diagnosis of pathological and anatomical landmarks such as cementoenamel junction, bone levels, furcation defects, nature and system of dental implants placed, degree of implant or tooth fractures and periapical pathology, assessing the severity and grading of periodontal or peri-implant disease/conditions, assessing the signs and symptoms of periodontal/peri-implant disease and determining the prognosis of implant and periodontal treatment. Studies have compared the diagnosis made by dentists and AI-based models and found AI models to be more effective and quicker in diagnosis than dentists. AI-based tools such as DL, ML, CNN, and ANN are more effective and quicker for timely diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment plans for periodontal and peri-implant disease diagnosis. DL and CNN are the most commonly used tools for the diagnosis of bone levels around teeth or implants, periodontal disease staging and severity, and location of anatomical structures and teeth. AI and its subsets are promising tools for the diagnosis/risk prediction and treatment planning for periodontal and peri-implant diseases.

Statement of the Problem: Information on patient-centered outcomes of periodontal disease and the impact of different periodontal treatment phases on the life quality of periodontal patients is limited. Purpose:This study sought to compare patients’ perception of their oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) following one-stage full mouth disinfection (OSFMD) and surgical periodontal treatment.Materials and Method:A pre-and post-interventional study design was conducted in two phases on a single group of patients. Subjects were recruited from moderate to severe chronic periodontitis patients referred to a private clinic. At baseline and after each treatment phase, periodontal parameters were recorded by a blind examiner. Patients received OSFMD, followed by periodontal flap surgeries and completed the validated Iranian version of the OHIP-49 questionnaire (OHIP-35-IR) at three time points (baseline, two weeks post-initial therapy and after completion of surgical phase). Data were analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA, paired and independent t-tests, and multivariate regression analysis by SPSS software version 21.Results:38 patients (14 men, 24 women, mean age 40.30±11.93) completed the study. Periodontal parameters showed progressive improvement from baseline to the end of the study (p< 0.05).The total mean OHIP-35-IR score at baseline (89.25±19.26) was significantly improved (reduced) compared to each treatment phase (75.63±17.15 and 74.22±15.46, respectively; p< 0.001),with no significant difference between treatments. Improvements in subdomains of psychological discomfort, functional limitation, physical pain, and handicap accounted for the changes.The effect size was calculated to be 0.80 for the first and 0.66 for the second treatment phases. Conclusion: Within limits, OSFMD and periodontal surgical treatment have positive impacts on the OHQoL of patients. Intensive periodontal non-surgical treatment is as effective as surgical intervention for achieving desirable patient-centered outcomes.

Impact of One-Stage Full Mouth Disinfection and Periodontal Surgery on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life.

Background Taking into account the limited availability of research data, this study aimed to determine the general Saudi population's awareness of the link between periodontal diseases and systemic diseases. Methodology A structured online questionnaire with eight awareness items, apart from demographic variables, was distributed through email, WhatsApp, and Telegram to a sample of 500 individuals. The data were analyzed using a simple descriptive statistical approach and interpreted as ratios for comparison. The awareness regarding systemic diseases associated with periodontal diseases was classified into the following four categories based on the Bloom cutoff points: high (>80%), average (60-79%), low (40-59%), and extremely low (<40%). Results A response rate of 68% was reached with the participation of 340 Saudi citizens residing in the Al Qassim region. Overall, 61.22% of research participants had an average awareness of the link between periodontal and systemic diseases. Almost two-thirds (>60%) of participants were aware that periodontal diseases and systemic diseases have an association and that individuals with systemic diseases need a periodontal checkup. A majority (85%) of participants opined that periodontal treatment has the potential to enhance overall health. Nonetheless, only a few participants (60%) were aware of the association between diabetes mellitus and periodontal diseases, and they had a limited awareness of the association with other systemic diseases. Conclusions Although theSaudi general population possesses average awareness about the relationship between periodontal diseases and systemic diseases, their awareness about different systemic diseases and conditions is extremely low, particularly regarding infertility, stroke, and metabolic diseases. The present research indicates a deficiency in the efforts by healthcare professionals, community service providers, and community administrators to educate the general public regarding the association between periodontal diseases and systemic diseases. This awareness is crucial for individuals to control these intricate, interconnected diseases.