Abstract
BackgroundRift valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral disease of domestic livestock and wild ruminants. In camels RVF may cause abortion among pregnant camels, but is most often asymptomatic among other camels. In this study, a seroepidemiological survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of RVFV antibodies and to identify the potential risk factors associated with RVFV seropositivity among the Sudanese one-humped camel (Camelus dromedaries) in Khartoum State, Sudan. A cross sectional study was conducted in Khartoum State, Sudan, in a total of 240 camels selected randomly from four localities. Sera sampled were tested for the presence of RVFV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA).ResultsRVFV seropositivity was recorded in 23 out of 240 animals, prevalence rate of 9.6 % among camels in Khartoum State. Age (OR = 8.29, p-value = 0.04) and heavy rainfall (OR = 5.36, p value = 0.01) were recorded as potential risk factors for contracting RVF.ConclusionsOlder age and heavy rainfall were considered as potential risk factors for seropositivity to RVF. Surveillance for RVF among camels and distribution of mosquito vectors should continue to better understand the clinical signs associated with RVFV infection in camels and provide public health authorities an opportunity to anticipate and prepare for a possible RVF outbreak in Khartoum State, Sudan.
Highlights
Rift valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral disease of domestic livestock and wild ruminants
The objectives of the present study were to estimate the prevalence of RVF, as determined by detection of RVF-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, and to identify the potential risk factors associated with the diseases among the onehumped camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Khartoum State, Sudan
Using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) assay, RVF virus (RVFV)-specific IgG antibodies were detected in 23 out of 240 camels included in the study
Summary
Rift valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral disease of domestic livestock and wild ruminants. Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral disease that typically occurs in various areas of sub-Saharan Africa, where virus activity varies from a low-level enzootic cycle to explosive outbreaks covering large areas [1]. Serologic surveys have detected RVFV antibodies in various species of domestic livestock and in humans from different States of the Sudan, including Nile Valley, Khartoum, Kassala, El Gezira, Sennar, and White Nile [1, 11,12,13,14,15]. A recent seroepidemiologic survey reported a high prevalence of RVFV IgG among febrile patients admitted to New Halfa Hospital in Kassala State, Sudan [16]. New Halfa is an extensively irrigated agricultural province, located approximately 500 km east of Khartoum
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