Abstract
An introduction to a study of detergency is based on the role played by surface-active agents, that is, surfactants. Typical concepts of surface chemistry such as the work of adhesion, Young and Young–Dupré equations, or the spreading coefficient are used to explain the mechanisms involved in the removal of both liquid and particulate dirt. The role of emulsions, micelles, and lather is also analyzed. By means of physicochemical arguments, this article justifies the use of bath sponges, explains how washing machines work, or why it is easier to do the washing up if the dishes have been previously immersed in water. The article also includes general considerations about the nature of the surfactants used in commercial products. It will provide instructors and students with an interest in surface chemistry a link between theoretical principles and practical explanations of everyday activities.
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