Abstract
BackgroundHeat stress (HS) and related illnesses are a major concern in military, sports, and fire brigadiers. HS results in physiologic responses of increased temperature, heart rate and sweating. In heat stroke, inflammatory response plays an important role and it is evidenced that turpentine (T) induced circulating inflammatory cytokines reduced survival rate and duration at 42°C. Here we report the alteration in the protein expression in liver cells upon HS with and without T treatment using two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), tryptic in-gel digestion and MALDI-TOF-MS/MS approachesResultsThe effects of HS and T treatments alone and a combined treatments (T+HS) was performed in Wistar rat models. Proteomic analysis of liver in the HS and T+HS groups were analyzed compared to liver profiles of resting control and T treated groups. The study revealed a total of 25 and 29 differentially expressed proteins in the HS and T+HS groups respectively compared to resting control group. Fourteen proteins showed altered expression upon T treatment compared to resting control group. Proteins that are involved in metabolic and signal transduction pathways, defense, redox regulation, and cytoskeletal restructuring functions were identified. The altered expression of proteins reflected in 2D gels were corroborated by quantitative real time RT-PCR analysis of 8 protein coding genes representing metabolic and regulatory pathways for their expression and normalized with the house keeping gene β-actinConclusionThe present study has identified a number of differentially expressed proteins in the liver cells of rats subjected to T, HS and T+HS treatments. Most of these proteins are implicated in cell metabolism, as well as adaptive response to incurred oxidative stress and tissue damage due to T+HS and HS effects.
Highlights
Heat stress (HS) and related illnesses are a major concern in military, sports, and fire brigadiers
2-DE of rat liver extract of treatment groups (HS, T, and T and HS (T+HS))have identified a number of differentially expressed proteins compared to the control group as examined by scanning and image analysis of silver stained gels
MALDI-TOF/MS/MS data analysis using MASCOT identified a number of GenBank annotated proteins under each condition that were curated, and functional roles analyzed using pathway analysis software
Summary
Heat stress (HS) and related illnesses are a major concern in military, sports, and fire brigadiers. HS results in physiologic responses of increased temperature, heart rate and sweating. Inflammatory response plays an important role and it is evidenced that turpentine (T) induced circulating inflammatory cytokines reduced survival rate and duration at 42°C. Exploration of the underlying mechanism of thermoregulation is of major concern to understand the patho-physiology of heat stress (HS) related illnesses. HS results in responses of increased temperature, heart rate and sweating [2,3]. When exaggerated it can lead to heat stroke, a condition that involves a multitude of host-defense responses by activation of pro-inflammatory and inflammatory cytokines. Inflammatory response plays a significant role in the mechanistic pathways of HS lead stroke, which can cause clinical conditions of hemorrhage and multi-organ dysfunction [4,5]
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