Abstract
Many linguists have proposed various definition and properties of collocations, but there are no unified criteria for the classification of collocations. Sinclair(1996;1998:1999)’s definition of collocation is considered universal, and therefore has applied to not only English but many other languages. Following his theory, many linguists have attempted to treat collocations according to the statistical methods. On the other hand, many linguistics who support machine translation followed to treat collocation by Lexical Function that devised Melcu’k(1980;2007). However, formal and abstract criterions excluding lexical semantics can’t describe systematically all types of collocations. Each word in utterance has a distinctive word that semantically related to extralinguistic situation and reality. E. Coseriu, V. Vinogradov, and N. Arutyunova suggest the relation between word and reality. Through this process, V. Gak claimed the semantic agreement between words in utterance. From this point of view, this article examines some types of collocations and clarify for the constitution and semantic basic properties of collocations. Collocations are formed through word combination rule. In additions, semantic similar collocations make semantic syntagmatic types. Lexical close syntagmatic relations are classified of semantic type. According to this idea, this article shows analysis of collocation of adjective тёмный, using Russian dictionary and corpus.
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