Abstract
Introduction:The placenta is a complex fetal organ that fulfills pleotrophic roles during fetal growth. Placenta is the most accurate record of the infant’s prenatal experience. Gestational diabetes is much common than preexisting diabetes .i.e. it complicates 2% to 5% of pregnancies. It seems reasonable to expect that biochemical changes occurring in the pregnant women with diabetes should be reflected in the placental structure. Aim & objectives: In the present study an attempt is made to know the morphological changes of placenta in gestational diabetes mellitus.Subjects and Methods:In this study totally 60 placentae were studied, of which 30 were nondiabetic placentae and 30 from Gestational Diabetic mothers were studied macroscopically. Morphologically the shape, site of attachment of umbilical cord, central thickness of placenta was noted. Birth weight of the neonate and the placental ratio were also recorded. By using routine staining techniques and direct microscopy tissues of Gestational Diabetic placenta were studied qualitatively and compared them with normal placenta.Results:Our study demonstrates that there is a significant increase in weight and central thickness of placenta. Neonatal weight and placental ratio were also increased; there was no change in shape and site of attachment of umbilical cord in case of diabetic placenta when compared to normal. Conclusion:On the basis of results of present study it is concluded that diabetic placentae showed increase in weight and central thickness. Neonatal weight and placental ratio were also increased. These findings indicate that control of hyperglycemia only partially prevents the development of placental abnormalities.
Highlights
The placenta is a complex fetal organ that fulfills pleotrophic roles during fetal growth
Type of Study: - Cross sectional Study The total number of specimens used in the present study was 60 placentae, 30 from mothers with uncomplicated pregnancies as control group and 30 from mothers with Gestational diabetes were considered as a study group
The results coincide with the work of Couston who reported that Diabetic placentae were affected by generalized macrosomia of fetus observed in Gestational Diabetes.[19]
Summary
The placenta is a complex fetal organ that fulfills pleiotropic roles during fetal growth. Metabolic diseases associated with pregnancy such as hypertension and diabetes can affect tissue components of placenta like connective tissue in the core of chorionic villi and the basement membrane of trophoblastic epithelium lining the chorionic villi.[2] During first half of pregnancy, the placenta increases in surface area and reaches its maximum. This accompanies increase in size, length and complexity of branching of villous stems.[3] In the later half of pregnancy the placenta further increases in surface area, doubling its diameter, the overall thickness remaining static. In the present study, to identify the morphological variations of placenta like shape, weight, attachment of umbilical cord and its correlations to the neonatal weight changes in normal pregnancy and in Gestational diabetes
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