A study on general e-government operation and maintenance model

Based on interviews and field research, this paper presents a comparison of the strengths and weaknesses of various outsourcing models generally adopted by Chinese government agencies in their e-government initiatives, with special focus laid on the elaboration of the government-dominated e-government outsourcing model. With a view to solving the problem of staff shortage, ensuring governmental information security, and promoting sustainable development of e-government, China's General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) has organized a limited liability company--Beijing iTowNet Cyber Technology Ltd, to provide outsourcing services concerning e-government system development, operation and maintenance for the administration. With such measures as rational ownership structure, adequate management, and introduction of standards, AQSIQ has not only successfully addressed difficulties caused by lack of human, technical, and financial resources, but ensured its dominance, supervision and control over e-government outsourcing. This paper not only advocates a specific government-dominated approach for other Chinese government agencies to learn from in their e-government initiatives, but provides an innovative theoretical perspective and serves as a typical case for study for government agencies of many other developing countries.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to propose and formulate an integrated hierarchical production, and maintenance‐planning model.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed model is formulated mathematically and tested for some hypothetical cases. A two‐level planning is proposed to address the hierarchical planning problem, i.e. aggregate planning and detailed planning. A preventive maintenance planning is integrated into the aggregate planning, while machine breakdowns, which require corrective maintenance actions, are investigated in the detailed planning. The proposed general preventive maintenance model is tested against cyclical preventive maintenance models for some cases, and for evaluating the performance of the models, in terms of costs, and service levels.FindingsThe proposed general preventive maintenance model gives a better solution in terms of cost than the cyclical maintenance model (i.e. 6 per cent less costly), if the maintenance planning is executed separately from the production planning. In terms of service level, however, both models perform equally well with average service levels equal to 97.6 per cent. The effect of tight capacity, long maintenance duration, and small machine parameters similarly tightens the capacity. In these cases, it is shown that a stable level of capacity is more beneficial to achieve a better service level, which is gained if the preventive maintenance actions are carried out monthly.Practical implicationsAt the aggregate level, the proposed preventive maintenance model considers a non‐cyclical planning, which means that the preventive maintenance periods do not necessarily fall at equally distant times. The inventory movement constraints at the aggregate level decouple machines to operate independently; hence the detailed level problem can be solved separately for each machine. In a rolling horizon approach, only the first period of the aggregate plan is implemented and disaggregated into the production of items at the detailed level.Originality/valueThe paper proposes an integrated model of hierarchical production and maintenance planning. A general preventive maintenance is integrated into the aggregate planning, while machine breakdowns are investigated in the detailed planning. To the best of one's knowledge, such a hierarchical view of production planning and maintenance has not been addressed adequately.

Purpose General aviation aircraft has a wide range of applications, and effective cost management is one of the hot spots in the research of general aviation manufacturers. The purpose of this paper is to build a flexible engineering method to predict maintenance cost of general aviation aircraft. Design/methodology/approach To establish a reasonable general aviation aircraft maintenance cost prediction model, it is necessary to analyze the influencing factors and extract the main components of maintenance cost. The maintenance cost is divided by engineering method, and the estimation model of each component cost is established. Then, the general aviation aircraft maintenance cost model is obtained. The results show that the relative error of this method is between 13% and 20%, which has a good estimation accuracy and can be effectively used to estimate the maintenance cost of general aviation aircraft. Findings The maintenance cost plays an important role in the life cycle cost of general aviation aircraft. Accurate cost prediction method is of great significance to the optimal design of general aviation aircraft. However, there are few prediction models suitable for maintenance cost, the proposed approach is meaningful and quite desirable. Originality/value To some extent, this method overcomes the shortage of the work on maintenance cost prediction for general aviation aircraft. The model established in this paper has certain generality, which can provide some reference for general aviation aircraft design and operation enterprises.

RESUMEN: En un futuro previsible se supone el despliegue a gran escala de vehiculos electricos (EVs). La cuantiosa carga y descarga intermitentes reducen la capacidad y la vida de la bateria debido a la tecnologia vehiculo-red (V2G) empleada en las redes inteligentes. Por eso, el modelado de la operacion y mantenimiento de la bateria es clave para evaluar la utilizacion de EVs. En este estudio, se analizaron el marco de aplicacion V2G y el proceso general para definir el funcionamiento de la bateria. Se estudio el modelo de operacion y mantenimiento de la bateria bajo tres estados de trabajo (esto es, carga, descarga y circulacion) y un estado de fallo. La bateria se deterioro a lo largo del tiempo y requirio un mantenimiento correctivo. Por algunas limitaciones dadas, se modelo y analizo el costo promedio a largo plazo aumentando y disminuyendo el proceso geometrico. La expresion analitica de la funcion de la tasa de costo se obtuvo del modelo propuesto de operacion y mantenimiento. La correspondiente operacion optima se determino tambien numerica o analiticamente para minimizar el costo promedio a largo plazo. En el modelo de operacion y mantenimiento propuesto la bateria fue reemplazada por una nueva identica tras el Nsimo fracaso. Se presenta un sistema de simulacion numerica para ilustrar el modelo y metodo de funcionamiento optimizado. La amplia presentacion de los resultados de la simulacion muestran mejoras de rendimiento significativas usando el modelo propuesto, en comparacion con el metodo convencional de carga/descarga coordinada por redes inteligentes. Puede ser aplicado en el sistema de gestion de la bateria y resuelve los problemas de costos causados por el EVs. Palabras clave: Vehiculo electrico, Bateria, Vehiculo-Red, Costo Medio, Proceso Geometrico

Objectives: This paper combs and defines the related concepts of the elements of science and technology finance, and determines the composition of the innovation elements of science and technology finance and the market system of science and technology finance elements based on the correlation and function among the modules such as the goal, subject, object, environment and mode of the allocation of science and technology finance elements. It is proposed that the market-oriented allocation of scientific and technological financial factors includes two steps: one is the factor flow under the ecological environment of scientific and technological financial innovation and regional gravity, and the other is the factor distribution and combination under the market-oriented mechanism. Through the coordination between the government and the market, we have improved the supply and demand mechanism, competition mechanism, price mechanism and feedback mechanism of the market of scientific and technological financial factors, and established the market-oriented allocation mechanism of scientific and technological financial factors. From the aspects of improving the basic guarantee of environmental factors, promoting the free flow of capital factors, improving the efficient supply of labor factors, promoting the strong support of data factors, improving the pricing mechanism of technical factors, and strengthening the risk control system, this paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the market-oriented allocation mechanism of scientific and technological financial factors.

This study aimed to introduce the importance of implementing the e-government project in general and in Syria in particular, in addition to clarifying the economic impact on the implementation of this strategic project, and thus clarifying the necessity of the financing and directing this project. Accordingly, the study used the most important recent periodic government reports issued by the government regarding the implementation of this project. This paper relied on an analytical approach whereby the economic impact of e-government was analyzed in general, and then the same effect was studied on the Syrian side, and the study took into account the analysis of the return on the basis of value. The study showed that e-government initiatives improve labor productivity in the public sector, provide meaningful services, save costs, and achieve growth in GDP. Where the study confirmed that the application of e-government has a positive impact on the Syrian economy by studying the return, whether on the government as an implementing agency or on the citizen as a beneficiary. Syria is currently going through a transitional phase and economic progress and is striving for success. This requires re-engineering the infrastructure and managing all official bodies that deal with beneficiaries through the application of e-government in most of its institutions, and based on the results of this study, future analytical studies must be conducted. About statistical analysis to know the impact of implementing the e-government project inside the institutions on the beneficiary citizens and on the performance of employees. Accordingly, this study provides a methodology for analyzing the financial and economic benefits of projects within the e-government strategy, it can be said: This paper helps shed light on the goals of e-government and spread public awareness as a result of implementing this project and show its economic impact. Also, this study may serve the researchers as input for future research.

<p>Determining the accuracy of a hydrostatic weather forecast model in representing atmospheric phenomena is a complex process involving various considerations and test cases. This study delineates an objective assessment of a planetary boundary layer scheme based on turbulent kinetic energy in a single-column version of the innovative atmospheric general circulation model developed at the University of Tehran, which is called UTGAM. Single-column models provide simple frameworks to investigate the fidelity of the simulated physical processes in the atmospheric models. Dependable parameterization of the boundary layer processes has significant impacts on weather forecasts. Specifically, an ongoing issue for the operational hydrostatic models is their deficiencies in the accurate representation of the unresolved processes in stably stratified conditions.</p><p>We have utilized the first GABLS intercomparison experiment set up as a simple tool to evaluate the diffusion scheme in the UTGAM. Two different sigma-theta and sigma-pressure single-column grid staggering combined with 33 and 14 vertical levels below 3 km height have been used for the low- and high-resolution simulations. The GABLS1 Large Eddy Simulation (LES) results have been used as a benchmark for comparison. The diffusion scheme explored here is the same as the one in the ECHAM model which has been adapted for use in the UTGAM.</p><p>Results depict subtle nuances between the sigma-theta and sigma-pressure coordinates in intercomparison between the low and high vertical resolutions separately, which are more apparent in the lower vertical resolution. Nevertheless, it seems that the diffusion processes have been simulated a bit more accurately in the high-resolution sigma-pressure vertical coordinate. The boundary layer scheme in the UTGAM analogous with most of the operational models in the GABLS1 intercomparison experiment overestimate the diffusion coefficients of momentum and heat. The wind profile with height depicts maxima that are higher than the corresponding LES profile. It is inferred that the scheme mixed momentum over a deeper layer than the LES, but the simulated wind profile is better compared to the other operational models in GABLS1. Considering the vertical profiles of potential temperature revealed that the amount of heat mixing is not suitable in this experiment and causes a negative bias in the lower part of the simulated boundary layer. The simulated amounts of surface friction velocity have proved significant differences with the LES results in all separate experiments. However, the latter large amounts seem unlikely to have a detrimental effect on forecast scores in the operational model. Moreover, the sensitivity of the scheme to the lowest full-level has been partially explored. Decreasing the lowest full-level height concurrent with increasing the vertical resolution exerts a modest influence on the simulation of the boundary layer processes. All the results confirm notable improvements by increasing the vertical resolution in both sigma-theta and sigma-pressure coordinates.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Simulation, GABLS1, stable boundary layer, vertical coordinate, diffusion coefficients, UTGAM</p>

General aircrafts are very complicated to analyze from the perspective of structure and system, which means the maintenance task is very heavy. The traditional “broken-then- repair” and “planned repair” methods have serious shortcomings in dealing with the ever-changing new situation. “Maintenance depending on the situation” and “predictive maintenance” will nip the fault in the bud and become the direction of future system maintenance strategy development. This research studies three key technologies: general aircraft intelligent monitoring technology, general aircraft health assessment and prediction method based on multi-source big data fusion, and general aircraft operation and maintenance process visualization evolution simulation technology. Built on these technologies, a General Aviation Health Supervision platform is developed. This supervision platform is of great significance to improve the safety and reliability of general aviation aircraft, reduce operation and maintenance costs, and promote the development of the local navigation industry. The research outcome is tested on the Ararat SA60L light sport aircraft manufactured by Hunan Shanhe Technology Co., Ltd. The test confirms that the general aviation health supervision platform, successfully provides real-time, systematic and intelligent solution for the monitoring and health supervision of general aviation aircrafts. It is expected that the new platform will create a revenue of more than 50 million yuan in the first three years of commercialization, with an annual growth rate of over 20%.

The Autotrephon, described in Stanley, 1951, though very carefully designed, is somewhat complicated, and the experience of two years has shown that there are some points with respect to its operation and maintenance which should be placed on record. Warm-chamber controls. The setting of the thermostat for the humidifier heater (Stanley 1951, TH-3, Fig. 11) is very important. If it does not cut in and out within about 0..10 C., of the warm-chamber temperature, quite pronounced surges will occur in the temperature of that chamber. These will show as rather regularly spaced spikes or peaks on the temperature record. Under dry room conditions, where humidification is frequent, these spikes may run together to form a saw-tooth record. Dirty contacts on the warm-chamber thermostat (ibid., TH-1, Fig. 3) produce a very irregular variation in the temperature record. When the heater of the warm chamber (ibid., H, Fig. 3) operates, it causes a small rise of temperature (about 0.30 C.) in the air flowing down the lateral airchannels of the warm chamber. As the wet-bulb thermometer is set in this stream (ibid., WBT, Fig. 3), readings should not be taken when the heater is operating. A neon pilot light should be wired in parallel with the heater to act as an indicator. When running with the warm-chamber temperature very close to that of the surrounding room, it will be found that the chamber tends to control on the cooling system during the day, and on the heater at night. This produces a reiterated step effect on the record. This cannot be eliminated, but it can be minimized by making the differential on TH-1 as small as possible. The differential should be reduced to the point where the cooling system just fails to operate from the minute overshoot of the heating system. This will give a differential of perhaps 0.15 to 0.20 C. The differential of the humidistat (Ibid., Fig. 5) should not be set too fine, as the contact arm (ibid., CA, Fig. 12) naturally has a rather large swing. Experience is the only guide, but the total gap between the contact arm and the fixed contacts can be about 1/32 in. If the apparatus is shut down, the tension on the hairstrand should be released by turning the adjusting nut AN (ibid., Fig. 12) until the strand is limp. If this is not done, the hairs may break on a dry day. To prevent the hair-strand twisting when the adjusting nut is turned, a small cross-pin should be put through the rod R (ibid., Fig. 12). This should be located just where the end of the dotted pointer touches the rod, R, in Figure 12. It can be installed by sweating a brass sleeve (1/16 O.D.) over R, and drilling through this assembly, and sweating in a 34-in. length of piano wire. If this wire is held between finger and thumb of the left hand while AN is turned with the right, adjustments are readily made. The end-clips of the hair-strand were not clearly shown in Stanley 1951, and one is therefore shown herewith as Figures 1A and 1B. The clip should be milled out of non-thermoplastic bakelite, and cannot be re-used. The hairs are ordinarily human hair. We have not found that blond hairs are essential. The hairs need only be washed with ether prior to use, to wash off grease. Any good grade celluloid cement will do for cementing the hairs into the clip, but it is important that they be stretched evenly before cementing. This may be done by cementing into one clip, threading through the holes of the second clip, and hanging

An extensive operations and maintenance planning problem with an efficient solution method

The European Tritium Handling Experimental Laboratory (ETHEL) is a new tritium facility at the Commission of the European Community's Joint Research Centre, Ispra Site. The laboratory, destined to handle multigram amounts of tritium for safety related R and D purposes, is foreseen to start radioactive operations in late 1992. The general operation and maintenance of laboratory systems and future experiments will generate tritiated wastes in gaseous, liquid and solid forms. The management of such wastes under safe working conditions is a stringent laboratory requirement aimed at minimizing the risk of unacceptable tritium exposures to workers and the general public. This paper describes the main systems and facilities installed in ETHEL for the safe management of tritiated wastes.

This manual provides general operating and maintenance instructions for the Multi-Canister Overpack. Procedure outlines included are conceptual in nature and will be modified, expanded, and refined during preparation of detailed operating procedures.

Some resource economists and policy-makers believe that market mechanisms in general and timber pricing through auctions specifically are the only solutions for forest management in Canada. In this paper, simple economic concepts of market, economic efficiency, and social optimality are discussed, and the specific features of forest resources and sustainable forest management and their implications for optimal resource allocation through the market are highlighted. Economic theory behind competitive timber pricing in two geographical regions is presented to demonstrate that in a competitive setting, the prices of timber need not be the same in the two regions. Timber pricing mechanisms used by different countries are summarized, and auctions, their limitations, and some important outcomes of timber auctions by the United States Forest Service are discussed. Market performances of residual value and auction-based timber pricing are compared. On the basis of these discussions, it is inferred that sustainable forest management cannot be achieved either by the market or by government-controlled mechanisms only. An optimal-mix of the market and government-controlled mechanisms is the only answer to achieve sustainable forest management. Key words: auction, Canada, economic efficiency, market, residual value, social optimality, sustainable forest management, timber pricing

This research is to restructure the public assessment of housing management in a standardized fashion, and a self-administered questionnaire survey was employed for data collection and analysis. In doing so, all the assessment tools nationwide were identified and assembled to extract the items included in the survey form. The survey form was mailed out to local officers in charge of housing management and professional housing managers in the nation, and the responses were statistically analyzed in order to structure the standard assessment tool of housing management. This research classified 3 main areas (General Maintenance, Operation and Community Living) in evaluating the housing management performance, and identified 35 essential items and 52 optional items. The 35 essential items were drawn from the 16 categories of the 3 areas (11 items of 5 categories for General Maintenance, 7 items of 4 categories for Operation, and 17 items of 7 categories for Community Living), and the rest 52 optional items were from the 16 categories of the 3 areas (24 items of 7 categories for General Maintenance, 26 items of 7 categories for Operation, and 2 items of 2 categories for Community Living). While all the items in the research are quantifiable, it's suggested that qualitative measurements be complementarily utilized in the assessment not only to explore the best practices of housing management but also to refine and modify the standardized tool in response to various environmental changes. As the public assessment of housing management is context-sensitive and critically related to local housing profile, the continuous implementation of the assessment will facilitate shifting the housing paradigm from production and consumption to management and reproduction.

This paper presents a life cycle assessment (LCA) of the International Energy Agency (IEA) 15 MW Reference Wind Turbine (RWT), on floating platforms, deployed in commercial-scale arrays at multiple locations around Scotland in the ScotWind leasing round. Site-specific energy production and vessel operations are provided by a dedicated offshore wind farm operations and maintenance (O&M) model, COMPASS, allowing service operation vessel (SOV) O&M impacts to be assessed with increased confidence. For climate change, the median global warming impact varied from 17.4 to 26.3 gCO2eq/kWh across the four sites within a 95% confidence interval using an uncertainty assessment of both foreground and background data. As is common with other offshore renewable energy systems, materials and manufacture account for 71% to 79% of global warming impact, while O&M comprise between 9% and 16% of the global warming impacts. High-voltage direct current (HVDC) export cables, floating platforms, and composite blades are significant contributors to the environmental impacts of these arrays (by mass and material choice), while the contributions from ballast, vessel transportation emissions, and power-train components are lower. The results suggest that material efficiencies, circularity, and decarbonizing material supply inventories should be a priority for the Scottish floating wind sector, followed by minimizing vessel operations and the decarbonization of vessel propulsion, while avoiding burden shifting to other impact categories.