A Study on Developing Theoretical Framework, Dimensions, and Indicators of Urban Water Security in Indonesia

Abstract

Increasing economic activity in urban areas is driving Indonesia’s economic growth. This causes massive rural to urban migration. With this rapid urbanization some cities currently facing the critical condition of clean water and the services of urban wastewater. The significant increase in water demand has resulted in water demand exceeding the natural availability of the supply. Similarly, the problems of pollution, land subsidence, and damage to groundwater are growing. Due the reasons, Indonesian cities should implement the concept of Integrated Urban Water Management as a part of Integrated Water Resources Management that integrates water and sanitation services to improve urban water security. By analyzing the definition of water security from previous studies and literature and examining the complexity of urban water problems in Indonesian cities, further develop the theoretical framework of urban water security and determine the dimensions and indicators that affect urban water services in Indonesia. The theoretical framework of urban water security that are considered to describe urban water security in Indonesia consist of six dimensions and fifteen indicators, such as: Household Water Security (indicators: access to piped water, access to non-piped water, access to sanitation), Environmental Water Security (indicators: access to urban wastewater treatment, urban water drainage), Economic Water Security (indicators: access to water resources, access to improve sanitation), Water Security Independency (indicators: access to government water reserved storage, access to household water reserved storage), Resilience to Water Related Disaster (indicators: access to updated weather information, level of understanding of technology, urban condition), and Institutions (indicators: institution, regulation, community involvement).