Abstract
To assess whether hyaloid adhesion is more prevalent in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) than in control patients and to evaluate whether it is more prevalent in exudative AMD than in non-exudative AMD. This was a cross-sectional, controlled analytical study. Patients from the Ophthalmology Department of the Public Service Hospital of the State of São Paulo were included if they were diagnosed with AMD that was confirmed by fundus biomicroscopy and fluorescein angiography. Patients were divided into three groups: patients without a vitreoretinal disease (controls), patients with exudative AMD, and patients with non-exudative AMD. For the optimal study of the vitreoretinal interface, all patients were subjected to spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT; Cirrus HD-OCT, version 4000; Carl Zeiss Meditec) and ultrasonography (UltraScan®, Alcon). Results with p values of ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant. We assessed 75 eyes of 23 patients with AMD (14 women and nine men) and 15 the control patients (11 women and four men). In total, 33 eyes had AMD that was consistent with the inclusion criteria, of which 11 had the non-exudative form (non-atrophic) and 22 had the exudative form (11 active and 11 disciform scars). Adherence was observed in eight eyes in the control group (26.67%), in seven eyes with exudative AMD (31.82%), and in five eyes with non-exudative AMD (45.45%). Patients with exudative and non-exudative forms of AMD did not present with higher vitreoretinal adhesion than control patients as assessed by SD-OCT and ultrasound. Moreover, patients with exudative AMD (neovascular membrane and disciform scar) did not reveal a higher adherence than those with non-exudative AMD when evaluated by the same methods.
Highlights
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease initially cha racterized by the presence of drusen and abnormal pigmentation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and later by geographic atrophy, choroidal neovascularization, RPE detachment, and fibrosis
33 eyes had AMD that was consistent with the inclusion criteria; of which 11 had the non-exudative form and 22 had the exudative form (11 active and 11 disciform scars)
Twelve eyes were excluded from the study for the following reasons: Ten were pseudophakic and two had already received an anti-VEGF injection
Summary
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease initially cha racterized by the presence of drusen and abnormal pigmentation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and later by geographic atrophy, choroidal neovascularization, RPE detachment, and fibrosis. Of the four leading causes of blindness, AMD is the only one for which prophylaxis and treatment remains unclear. This is mainly because of a lack of knowledge with regard to its etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the different stages of the disease[1]. A more extensive study of AMD pathophysiology is necessary to optimize treatment[2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. AMD appears to be a multifactorial disease. A tyrosine-histidine change at the 402th amino acid position in the Submitted for publication: May 27, 2015 Accepted for publication: November 6, 2015
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