Abstract

prison will prevent his experiencing their debilitating eSects. However, the eSectiveness of probation as a rehabilitating program is not as well documented, and its crime or delinquency reducing impact upon oSenders continues to be subject to many sceptical questions. Conclusions regarding the effectiveness of probation are generally based upon the number of probationers who complete their supervision without revocation or the amount of post-release recidivism occurring among those who complete supervision. It can be seen that these are actually two different measures of success. In the former instance, many unknown and uncontrollable variables may influence the outcome of the probation e2Fperience: the philosophy of the probation department in revocation, the intensity of the oflicer's contacts with the probationer, the unknown offenses committed by the probationer while on probation, and the philosophy of the court in continuing or extending probation for known offenses. Nevertheless, England's review of eleven probation studies indicates that from 60 to 90

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