A study of outcome of reamed intramedullary interlocking nailing in type I and type II open fractures of shaft of tibia

Abstract

Background: Open fractures of tibial shaft are important for the reason that they are most commonly fractured long bone in the body & subcutaneous location of the anteromedial surface of the tibia makes their management controversial. The precarious blood supply and lack of soft tissue cover of the shaft of the tibia make these fractures vulnerable to delayed union, nonunion, malunion and infection. The treatment of tibial fractures has developed from a strictly non-operative to a variety of operative techniques. While reamed Intramedullary nailing offer improved stability of the fracture, their use carries a theoretical risk of infection and nonunion as a consequence of disturbing endosteal blood supply. Recent reports suggest that the reaming is safe for grade I, II and IIIA open fractures of tibia. Material & Method: A total of 25 patients presented to Father Muller Hospital, Mangalore from Jan’06 to July’07 with type I and II open tibial shaft fractures were included in the study and all cases underwent debridement within 6 hours of admission and treated with reamed intramedullary interlocking nailing. They were reviewed at every 2 weeks for 6 weeks and then monthly post operatively and x-rays were repeated at 6,12,24 weeks to check for fracture healing. The average duration of follow-up was 32 weeks. Functional results were graded according to criteria by klemm & borner. Result: The average time to union was 19.68 weeks. Type I united in 18.86 weeks as compared to 20.5 weeks for Type II fractures. The average range of motion in the knee joint was 135.6 degrees. Full ankle motion was observed in 19 patients. One patient showed a loss >25° of motion at ankle compared to normal side while 5 patients showed < 250 loss of joint motion. 92% patients achieved good or excellent results, fair results were obtained in one patient & in one patient functional results were poor. Conclusion: Anatomical & functional outcome of open tibial fractures type I and type II treated with reamed intramedullary interlocking nailing is excellent to good and it is safe and effective technique for the management of Gustilo type I and type II.