Abstract
This study investigated the effects of temperature, residence time, and particle size on the degree of low-rank coal (LRC) upgrading for a non-evaporative drying process, hot water drying (HWD). Usibelli Coal (Seam No. 4) from the Nenana Coal Field, Alaska was used in this study. Replicated, factorial tests were conducted. The discussion is based on the results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the experimental data. Within the tested particle size range, there was no significant effect due to particle size and no interaction effects between the factors were significant. Experimental results indicate that most of the low-rank coal upgrading via HWD occurs rapidly within the first 10 minutes of residence time. Thereafter, the upgrading process slows down and over 100 minutes of additional residence time are required to produce similar percentage increases in coal properties to those achieved in the first 10 minutes. The properties of the hot water dried products were very sensitive to process temperature....
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