A Study of Knowledge Sharing related to Covid-19 Pandemic in Stack Overflow

The Covid-19 outbreak has changed to an unprecedented extent almost every aspect of human activity. At the same time, the pandemic has stimulated enormous amount of research by scientists across various disciplines, seeking to study the phenomenon itself, its epidemiological characteristics and ways to confront its consequences. Information Technology, and particularly Data Science, drive innovation in all related to Covid-19 biomedical fields. Acknowledging that software developers routinely resort to open `question & answer' communities like Stack Overflow to seek advice on solving technical issues, we have performed an empirical study to investigate the extent, evolution and characteristics of Covid-19 related posts. Through the study of 464 Stack Overflow questions posted in February and March 2020 and leveraging the power of text mining, we attempt to shed light into the interest of developers in Covid-19 related topics and the most popular problems for which the users seek information. The findings reveal that indeed this global crisis sparked off an intense activity in Stack Overflow with most post topics reflecting a strong interest on the analysis of Covid- 19 data, primarily using Python technologies.

PurposeSoftware developers extensively use stack overflow (SO) for knowledge sharing on software development. Thus, software engineering researchers have started mining the structured/unstructured data present in certain software repositories including the Q&A software developer community SO, with the aim to improve software development. The purpose of this paper is show that how academics/practitioners can get benefit from the valuable user-generated content shared on various online social networks, specifically from Q&A community SO for software development.Design/methodology/approachA comprehensive literature review was conducted and 166 research papers on SO were categorized about software development from the inception of SO till June 2016.FindingsMost of the studies revolve around a limited number of software development tasks; approximately 70 percent of the papers used millions of posts data, applied basic machine learning methods, and conducted investigations semi-automatically and quantitative studies. Thus, future research should focus on the overcoming existing identified challenges and gaps.Practical implicationsThe work on SO is classified into two main categories; “SO design and usage” and “SO content applications.” These categories not only give insights to Q&A forum providers about the shortcomings in design and usage of such forums but also provide ways to overcome them in future. It also enables software developers to exploit such forums for the identified under-utilized tasks of software development.Originality/valueThe study is the first of its kind to explore the work on SO about software development and makes an original contribution by presenting a comprehensive review, design/usage shortcomings of Q&A sites, and future research challenges.

Remote teaching is a form of course delivery in which courses originally designed for face-to-face delivery are modified and delivered online to meet an emergency situations [9]. This is the situation in which universities all over the world found themselves at the beginning of the calendar year of 2020 due to the outbreak of COVID 19 Pandemic. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to investigate Students’ Remote Learning Experiences during the COVID-19 Pandemic in a selected University in Africa. Quantitative research method was used in gathering, analyzing the data and interpreting the results. The data was gathered online through google forms immediately after the students had completed emergency remote learning and taken the online examinations, while in the CIOVID-19 pandemic lockdown recess. Respondents were 681 students in a selected university in Africa. They responded to seven questions pertaining to their remote learning experience during the COVID- 19 pandemic lockdown. Results revealed that 87% of respondents were able to access either part or the whole of the materials sent to them remotely by faculty. Only about 13% of respondents indicated that they could not access the online materials. Majority (73%) of respondents indicated that lack of reliable internet connectivity was the main challenge they faced during remote learning. Lack of resources (58.4%), power failure (54.9%), and lack of skills in handling technology (15.6%). Generally, respondents reported mixed feeling of their emergency remote learning experiences. Half of respondents (50.4%) indicated that their experiences were frustrating whereas 32.2% of the respondents indicated that their experience was neither frustrating nor exciting comprised, Only 16.4% indicated that their experience was exciting. 49.8% of respondents prefer blended learning to continue after COVID 19 while 34.5% prefer that the online learning ends immediately and face-to-face classes continue. Very few (15.7%) of respondents prefer that the online course delivery continues even after COVID-19.

During the c o vid 19 pandemic, the Indonesian Ulema Council issued Fatwa Number 14/2020 concerning the Implementation of Worship in a C o vid 19 Outbreak Situation. The contents of the fatwa are, among others, in order to maintain health so as not to be exposed to the corona virus, it is recommended to pray at home only. This is in accordance with the Islamic religion to keep us physically protected from disease. Thus, the MUI Fatwa is in accordance with the principles of the Islamic religion, namely avoiding harm by practicing what is good for human survival. The reason for this MUI Fatwa is known as the mashlahah mursalah which al-Ghazali explains in several of his books. Al-Ghazali stated that mashlahah mursalah is a matter of goodness that is considered by humans which in fact is in accordance with Islamic law. Keywords : Mashlahah Mursalah, al-Ghazali, and Fatwa MUI.

Stack Overflow is currently the largest programming related question and answer community, containing multiple programming areas. The change of user’s interest is the micro-representation of the intersection of macro-knowledge and has been widely studied in scientific fields, such as literature data sets. However, there is still very little research for the general public, such as the question and answer community. Therefore, we analyze the interest changes of 2,307,720 users in Stack Overflow in this work. Specifically, we classify the tag network in the community, vectorize the topic of questions to quantify the user’s interest change patterns. Results show that the change pattern of user interest has the characteristic of a power-law distribution, which is different from the exponential distribution of scientists’ interest change, but they are all affected by three features, heterogeneity, recency and proximity. Furthermore, the relationship between users’ reputations and interest changes is negatively correlated, suggesting the importance of concentration, i.e., those who focus on specific areas are more likely to gain a higher reputation. In general, our work is a supplement to the public interest changes in science, and it can also help community managers better design recommendation algorithms and promote the healthy development of communities.

In January 2020, during China’s COVID-19 outbreak, the NASA Earth Observatory captured aerial images indicating significantly lower emissions of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a major air pollutant, across China’s mainland.[1] Scientists across the globe have reported preliminary empirical data that amid shelter-in-place directives and the shutting down of large-scale economic activity, the environment is flourishing. Abnormal sightings of wild animals roaming freely in deserted cities have been widely reported. For example, monkeys in Lopburi, Bangkok and leatherback turtles on deserted beaches in Florida, US are thriving.[2] This pandemic has given mother earth a chance to ‘breathe.’ Environmentalists are asking how long the breather will last and whether it will sustain the earth for years to come, when business as usual returns bringing environmental challenges. This pandemic has shaken up business as usual including major economic drivers of supply and demand. At the moment, the demand for oil is at an all-time low whereas personal protective equipment (PPE) markets are booming. The world has entered into a recession, with estimates of a US $2 trillion loss. Approximately 11 million people are being pushed into poverty.[3] People are functioning differently: there is a shift toward working remotely, micro gardening in urban settings, more mindful use of resources, and spending more time at home with friends and family. These trends may put less strain on people as well as on the environment. As people find a better work-life balance and commute less, the 77.5% of pollution caused by car and air travel, may be reduced.[4] Some scientists also argue that if the planet were healthier we would see fewer viruses take hold.[5] Although scientists estimate that the impact of COVID-19 on the environment may be temporarily positive, long-lasting action and commitment are necessary to mitigate climate change. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by United Nations member states in 2015 aim to achieve climate action, sustainable cities, and sustainable use of the earth and ocean’s resources by 2030. While there is a short-term environmental benefit of lower emissions, the long-term goals may be set back due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[6] The SDGs include eliminating poverty, protecting the planet, and ensuring prosperity and peace for all people.[7] The SDGs are a stark reminder that the pre-COVID-19 world was far from perfect. Most countries’ economies are driven by exponential capitalist growth in which the environment and people are exploited for the sake of profit. Nearly half the world lives on less than $5.50 a day.[8] 44 percent of the world’s net worth belongs to 0.8 percent of the world’s individuals[9]. This crisis has exposed systemic flaws even more, as those who have lower socio-economic standing are disproportionately affected by this pandemic. They are more susceptible because they do not have access to basic sanitation and are often forced to live in places affected worse by climate change and pollution. In 2019 Greta Thunberg, the 15-year-old environmental activist, made the case that the economics to solve the current environmental constraints did not yet exist. In 2020, amid the pandemic, the United Nations (UN) reported that there is a need to rebuild economies differently.[10] Individuals and governments may be spurred to change their approach to climate action requiring a shift of societal norms to value the environment and people’s happiness more than profit growth. In Amsterdam, donut economics will be used to help the economy recover.[11] Donut economics originated from Kate Raworth of Oxford University’s Environmental Change Institute’s book, ‘Donut Economics: seven ways to think like a 21st century economist.’ The inner ring of the donut refers to the minimum that people need to live a good life, which is based on the UN’s SDGs (such as food, clean water, housing, sanitation, energy, education, healthcare, gender equality, income, and political voice). Any person who does not have access to these minimum standards of living is described as living in the doughnut’s hole. The outer ring of the doughnut, where the sprinkles go, represents the ecological outer parameters, drawn up by earth-system scientists. These outer parameters delineate the boundaries which humanity should not progress beyond if it is to avoid damage to the ozone layer, oceans, freshwater resources, and abundant biodiversity. In developing countries such as South Africa, the opportunity to rebuild the economy by means of donut economics seems idealistic because a large percentage of the population lives inside the doughnut hole. The immediate challenges of debt, poverty, and food shortage brought about by the COVID-19 lockdown are pressing.[12] However, visionary leaders should take a long-term perspective as there is opportunity to do so now. For example, during this time President Cyril Ramaphosa aims to reduce the number of ‘people living inside the donut’s hole’ by improving housing infrastructure in rural areas. Rebuilding a more ethical post-COVID-19 world of both environmental and human flourishing[13] will require a planetary health perspective.[14] The Lancet[15] suggests that a planetary perspective must move beyond an emergency response toward resilience and prevention planning. In “Happiness explained: What human flourishing is and what we can do to promote it,” Paul Aland explains that the principles of human flourishing are fairness, autonomy, community, and engagement. These principles may be the pillars for post-COVID-19 environmental policies. Amid the chaos and trauma of this pandemic, it is up to individuals, leaders, scientists, and bioethicists to take a breather to reflect. It is time to dare to imagine what human and environmental flourishing may look like in a more sustainable post-COVID-19 world and start rebuilding it one step at a time. Photo by RawFilm on Unsplash [1] “These Satellite Photos Show How COVID-19 Lockdowns Have Impacted Global Emissions,” World Economic Forum, March 25, 2020, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/03/emissions-impact-coronavirus-lockdowns-satellites/. [2] Harry Kretchmer, “These Locked-down Cities Are Being Reclaimed by Animals,” World Economic Forum, April 17, 2020, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/04/covid-19-cities-lockdown-animals-goats-boar-monkeys-zoo/. Deena Robinson, “Endangered Sea Turtles Thriving Amid COVID-19 Restrictions,” April 20, 2020, https://earth.org/endangered-sea-turtles-thriving-amid-covid-19-restrictions/. [3] World Economic Forum, “Why We Cannot Lose Sight of the Sustainable Development Goals during Coronavirus,” April 23, 2020, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/04/coronavirus-pandemic-effect-sdg-un-progress/. [4] Hiroko Tabuchi, “‘Worse Than Anyone Expected’: Air Travel Emissions Vastly Outpace Predictions,” The New York Times (Online), September 19, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/19/climate/air-travel-emissions.html. [5] “First Person: COVID-19 Is Not a Silver Lining for the Climate, Says UN Environment Chief,” United Nations News, April 5, 2020, https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/04/1061082. [6] The World Bank, “Poverty,” April 16, 2020, https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/overview. [7] United Nations Development Programme, “What Are the Sustainable Development Goals?,” 2015, https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html. [8] The World Bank, “Nearly Half the World Lives on Less than $5.50 a Day,” October 17, 2018, https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2018/10/17/nearly-half-the-world-lives-on-less-than-550-a-day. [9] James Davies, Rodrigo Lluberas, and Anthony Shorrocks, “Global Wealth Report 2018,” Credit Suisse Research Institute, 2018. [10] “First Person: COVID-19 Is Not a Silver Lining for the Climate, Says UN Environment Chief,” United Nations News, April 5, 2020, https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/04/1061082. [11] Daniel Boffey, “Amsterdam to Embrace ‘doughnut’ Model to Mend Post-Coronavirus Economy,” April 8, 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/08/amsterdam-doughnut-model-mend-post-coronavirus-economy. [12] A van den Heever et al., “South Africa Needs a Post-Lockdown Strategy That Emulates South Korea,” The Conversation, April 18, 2020, https://theconversation.com/south-africa-needs-a-post-lockdown-strategy-that-emulates-south-korea-136678. “‘People Need to Eat’: South Africa Eases Coronavirus Lockdown,” Aljazeera, January 5, 2020, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/05/eat-south-africa-eases-coronavirus-lockdown-200501072927207.html. [13] Rose Deller, “Book Review: Happiness Explained: What Human Flourishing Is and How We Can Promote It by Paul Anand,” The London School of Economics and Political Science, August 24, 2016, https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsereviewofbooks/2016/08/24/book-review-happiness-explained-what-human-flourishing-is-and-how-we-can-promote-it-by-paul-anand/. [14] Alistair Brown and Richard Horton, “A Planetary Health Perspective on COVID-19: A Call for Papers,” The Lancet 395 (April 4, 2020): 1099. [15] Brown and Horton.

Com o surgimento do novo coronavírus na China e sua rápida disseminação pelo mundo, a Organização Mundial da Saúde classificou o surto de COVID-19 como pandemia trazendo mudanças radicais em vários países. Diversas áreas da sociedade foram afetadas, inclusive a educação. Enquanto algumas instituições decidiram paralisar suas atividades, outras decidiram adotar o ensino remoto emergencial como forma de manter o ensino. Nesse sentido, conhecer a relação entre a cibercultura e o saber é fundamental para propor práticas educacionais mediadas pelas tecnologias digitais da informação e comunicação no contexto pandêmico. Este artigo tem como objetivo explorar as práticas pedagógicas adotadas pelo Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Profissional e Tecnológica com intuito de manter as atividades acadêmicas durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Para tanto, pesquisas bibliográfica e exploratória foram adotadas para mapear as atividades realizadas ao longo da disciplina Práticas Educativas em Educação Profissional e Tecnológica e aprofundar o conhecimento sobre o ensino remoto emergencial e suas repercussões no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Com o estudo, concluiu-se que o ensino remoto emergencial contribuiu para a realização da disciplina Práticas Educativas em Educação Profissional e Tecnológica de forma integrada aos pressupostos da educação politécnica e omnilateral.

\nIn December 2019, a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was detected in Wuhan Hubei province, China. The virus has caused a global concern because of its high potential for transmission, high morbidity and mortality. COVID-19 spreads so rapidly across an increasing number of countries worldwide that it has been found in more than 200 countries so far. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 a pandemic and public health threat. In general, COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A case fatality rate of approximately 2.3% has been reported for COVID-19. New fever, cough, lymphopenia and bilateral lung infiltrations are characteristic but not diagnostic for COVID-19. Sore throat, dyspnea, myalgia, diarrhea, and abdominal pain are other presentations of COVID-19. We should also be attentive to the probability of atypical presentations in patients who are immunocompromised. While the majority of cases result in mild respiratory tract symptoms like acute bronchitis, severe cases might end in severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), septic shock and death due to multiorgan damage, so early recognition of patients with suspected COVID-19 infection is crucial. The burden of the virus is not limited to physical damage, but it also has a significant impact on the mental health of the public. It can lead to generalized anxiety disorders and depression during COVID-19 pandemic. Now many countries are in a state of crisis worldwide. Whenever the living environment changes, people feel unsafe. People's fear of COVID-19 makes them refrain from going to medical centers, which significantly impacts their access to medical care while they require acute treatment. COVID-19 outbreak in countries has pulled essential medical resources away from regular procedures. This has caused complications for patients who need treatment for other medical conditions that require timely and appropriate care. Cancer patients especially still require attention in curative or palliative settings, and women will still be delivering their infants. How can we care for these patients without exposing them to COVID-19?\n

Community-driven Knowledge Sharing (KS) platforms have gained immense popularity in recent years among the Internet users to seek, learn measured as the reputation on platforms. Thus, peers on the platform dissuade other users to post low quality content by closing, disliking or not answering their questions. The aggressive attitude of the community leads to a negative impact on the users' experience (especially for newbies) and the users tend to lose interest in the platform. Since the quality management on KS platforms is a necessity, we aim to emphasize the need of a mechanism to help users in improving their questions. To study this, we perform experiments on the Stack Overflow (SO) platform, however, the study can be adapted for other KS platforms.The SO community aggressively mark questions, even with slightest deformity, as closed. The non-triviality of reopening process and the rigorous review mechanism can be handled only by proper editing of the closed questions. Thus we present first-of-a-kind study, to assist the SO platform users, in the reopening process of their closed questions. We build predictive models to suggest the users that if their edited version of closed question will lead to a successful reopen or not. This can assist users at large by retracting them from entering the review process with improper edits. To learn these models effectively, we consider the user categories on the platform, based on their reputation: established & non-established. In addition to being the major contributor to closed questions, the non-established users have lower odds of getting their closed questions reopened than established users. Thus, we leverage the better editing skills of established users to learn question edit models by employing their reopened closed questions. We present the results of predictive model and suggest insights on the useful edits in the reopening process on the SO platform.

The outbreak of COVID-19 had affected almost every part of the world and caused disastrous results, the number of reported COVID-19 cases in past few months have reached to more than 29 million patients in the world globally. This pandemic has adversely affected all the activities of life, ranging from personal life to overall economic development. Due to the current situation, routinely turned to online resources, and people have relied on technology more than they have been before. Since cybercriminals are an opportunist and they utilized this entirely, by targeting the online services for all sectors of life. This fortnight online dependency of the community over the internet opened several easy doors for cybercriminals. This causes exponential attacks over internet traffic during this epidemic situation. The current Covid-19 pandemic situation appeared at once, and no one was ready to prevail this. However, there is an urgent need to address the current problem in all means. KSA is among one of the countries most affected by these CA and is a key victim for most cyber-crimes. Therefore, this paper will review the effects of COVID-19 on the cyber-world of KSA in various sectors. We will also shed light on the Saudi efforts to confront these attacks during COVID -19. As a contribution, we have provided a comprehensive framework for mitigating cybersecurity challenges.

This paper aimed to examine the severity of the recession experienced by Indonesia during the COVID-19 outbreak that has hit Indonesia, which has been going on for almost a year. For the discussion to be more focused, this study focuses on the government's policy and strategy efforts that have been implemented to overcome this crisis. To achieve the target of this study, we first collected preliminary reading material by reviewing articles about recession due to pandemics to obtain sufficient information related to the study plan. After the opening section is over, we next provide an overview of how we can convey an understanding of the recession and the reasons behind it. We then proceed to the middle of the study to conclude what findings are relevant. Before completing the results, we confirm that the findings of this study are valid and reliable. Finally, the findings can be summarized as follows: Recession has hit the national economy so that the government has adopted a policy of allocating fresh funds as a stimulus to the most affected residents. Another strategy from the government is to work with outside parties on systems to anticipate Covid-19 and face the risk of a domestic recession.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has not only had severe social and economic effect but also has substantially affected the lifestyles of individuals As the coronavirus pandemic rips through the world, many countries have implemented series of restrictions to control infection, such as the wearing of masks outside, social distancing, home isolation, home quarantine, group quarantine, and lockdowns, and these measures have inevitably limited physical activity and required more sedentary behavior How a person can remain physically active and healthy during the COVID-19 pandemic is a crucial issue The following procedure was implemented to review evidence regarding the COVID-19 outbreak and physical activity First, the latest physical activity guidelines released by the United States, United Kingdom, and World Health Organization were reviewed, and the prevalence of insufficient physical activity was determined Second, the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on physical activity and amount of sedentary behavior were discussed using the obtained evidence Finally, the current review suggests the following for individuals wishing to remain physically active and healthy: (1) Some physical activity is preferable to nothing Engaging in some moderate-intensity physical activity, such as at least 4,000-5,000 steps per day (7,000-8,000 is better) at a pace of 100-130 steps per minute and resistance training twice a week to improve major muscle-group strength, is essential for everyone (2) Daily sedentary time should be kept to less than 9 hours a day, and numerous breaks (e g , every 50 minutes) in which sedentary time is replaced with light activity (e g , 5to 10-minute walking or stretch exercise) should be taken (3) Ideally, people should engage in different types of physical activity, including aerobic exercise, resistance training, stretching, and balance training (4) Finally, people should select types of exercise (e g , freehand exercise, equipment-assisted exercise, electronic exercise, or household work) that fit their interests and resources These suggestions provide guidance for strengthening individuals' mental and physical well-being through physical activity in response to the COVID-19 pandemic or future similar outbreaks (Taiwan J Public Health 2020;39(4):364-372)

Anxiety plays an important protective role in people against life-threatening factors Accordingly, in the face of the emergence of life-threatening diseases such as the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns about the health of individuals may arise with anxiety Heath anxiety occurs when perceived bodily sensations or changes, including but not limited to those related to infectious diseases (e g , fever, coughing, aching muscles), are interpreted as symptoms of being ill Most people experience some degree of health anxiety, which is a protective factor against health threats Health anxiety plays an auxiliary role in recognizing the early signs of health damage and promotes health-promoting behaviors When the level of health anxiety of people in the community is out of moderation, both when the rate increases or decreases from the desired level, it can cause harm and problems to people in the community in a different way Therefore, an appropriate level of health anxiety is beneficial for individuals and it could be helpful for the prevention of the COVID-19 outbreak, which is an extremely contagious disease © 2020 Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences All rights reserved

Cybersecurity affects us all in our daily lives. New knowledge on best practices, new vulnerabilities, and timely fixes for cybersecurity issues is growing super-linearly, and is spread across numerous, heterogeneous sources. Because of that, community contribution-based, question and answer sites have become clearinghouses for cybersecurity-related inquiries, as they have for many other topics. Historically, Stack Overflow has been the most popular platform for different kinds of technical questions, including for cybersecurity. That has been changing, however, with the advent of Security Stack Exchange, a site specifically designed for cybersecurity-related questions and answers. More recently, some cybersecurity-related subreddits of Reddit, have become hubs for cybersecurity-related questions and discussions. The availability of multiple overlapping communities has created a complex terrain to navigate for someone looking for an answer to a cybersecurity question. In this paper, we investigate how and why people choose among three prominent, overlapping, question and answer communities, for their cybersecurity knowledge needs. We aggregated data of several consecutive years of cybersecurity-related questions from Stack Overflow, Security Stack Exchange, and Reddit, and performed statistical, linguistic, and longitudinal analysis. To triangulate the results, we also conducted user surveys. We found that the user behavior across those three communities is different, in most cases. Likewise, cybersecurity-related questions asked on the three sites are different, more technical on Security Stack Exchange and Stack Overflow, and more subjective and personal on Reddit. Moreover, there appears to have been a differentiation of the communities along the same lines, accompanied by overall popularity trends suggestive of Stack Overflow’s decline and Security Stack Exchange’s rise within the cybersecurity community. Reddit is addressing the more subjective, discussion type needs of the lay community, and is growing rapidly.

Making an agreement between Iran and an integrated countries bloc like Shanghai Cooperation Organization or Eurasian Economic Union to boost energy trade is considered as an efficient factor to improve multilateralism and regionalism of Iranian economy. However, the outbreak of COVID-19 has had caused serious and unprecedented consequences on globalization and regionalization. This research seeks to find out the relationship between COVID19 and regional energy integration for two cases of South Asia and the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU). To estimate the coefficients of variables, the panel data framework based on quarterly data over 2010Q1-2020Q2 is employed. The major results reveal that the COVID19 pandemic is found to be a serious challenge for regional energy integration in these two unions, particularly the integration of larger economies which are more developed and have a higher level of trade liberalization are disturbed by this pandemic. A policy implication based on the conclusions is that Iran may try to make regional energy integration with its neighbors and trading partners. However, to reduce the long-run negative impacts of pandemic, Iran and its energy trade partners should make a plan to determine types and magnitudes of negative impacts of pandemic, regulating monetary and fiscal policies to encounter with the negative influences. To the best of author’s knowledge, despite some earlier researches, there is not any existing literature focusing on how the Corona affects the economic integration. Therefore, this paper tries to fill in this literature gap.