A study of carbon emissions during a tour: A case study of a four-day guided tour in Guilin, China

Household carbon emissions are important components of total carbon emissions. The consumer side of energy-saving emissions reduction is an essential factor in reducing carbon emissions. In this paper, the carbon emissions coefficient method and Consumer Lifestyle Approach (CLA) were used to calculate the total carbon emissions of households in 30 provinces of China from 2006 to 2015, and based on the extended Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) model, the factors influencing the total carbon emissions of households were analyzed. The results indicated that, first, over the past ten years, the energy and products carbon emissions from China’s households have demonstrated a rapid growth trend and that regional distributions present obvious differences. Second, China’s energy carbon emissions due to household consumption primarily derived from the residents’ consumption of electricity and coal; China’s products household carbon emissions primarily derived from residents’ consumption of the high carbon emission categories: residences, food, transportation and communications. Third, in terms of influencing factors, the number of households in China plays a significant role in the total carbon emissions of China’s households. The ratio of children 0–14 years old and gender ratio (female = 100) are two factors that reflect the demographic structure, have significant effects on the total carbon emissions of China’s households, and are all positive. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita plays a role in boosting the total carbon emissions of China’s households. The effect of the carbon emission intensity on total household carbon emissions is positive. The industrial structure (the proportion of secondary industries’ added value to the regional GDP) has curbed the growth of total carbon emissions from China’s household consumption. The results of this study provide data to support the assessment of the total carbon emissions of China’s households and provide a reasonable reference that the government can use to formulate energy-saving and emission-reduction measures.

A scientific carbon accounting system can help enterprises reduce carbon emissions. This study took an enterprise in the Yangtze River basin as a case study. The accounting classification of carbon emissions in the life cycle of lime production was assessed, and the composition of the sources of carbon emission was analyzed, covering mining explosives, fuel (diesel, coal), electricity and high-temperature limestone decomposition. Using the IPCC emission factor method, a carbon life cycle emission accounting model for lime production was established. We determined that the carbon dioxide equivalent from producing one ton of quicklime ranged from 1096.68 kg CO2 equiv. to 1176.96 kg CO2 equiv. from 2019 to 2021 in the studied case. The decomposition of limestone at a high temperature was the largest carbon emission source, accounting for 64% of the total carbon emission. Coal combustion was the second major source of carbon emissions, accounting for 31% of total carbon emissions. Based upon the main sources of carbon emission for lime production, carbon emission reduction should focus on CO2 capture technology and fuel optimization. Based on the error transfer method, we calculated that the overall uncertainty of the life cycle carbon emissions of quicklime from 2019 to 2021 are 2.13%, 2.07% and 2.09%, respectively. Using our analysis of carbon emissions, the carbon emission factor of producing one unit of quicklime in the lime enterprise in the Yangtze River basin was determined. Furthermore, this research into carbon emission reduction for lime production can provide a point of reference for the promotion of carbon neutrality in the same industry.

This study examines the nexus between business strategy and carbon emissions by utilising a dataset of U.S. firms from 2007 to 2020. It focuses on two broad types of firms, that is, prospectors and defenders. Regarding carbon emissions, we consider total emissions (Scope 1 & 2), direct emissions (Scope 1) and indirect emissions (Scope 2). The results reveal a significant association between business strategy and total carbon emissions as well as direct carbon emissions. Notably, the results suggest that prospectors, compared to defenders, display higher levels of total and direct carbon emissions. Our findings contribute to the debate on whether prospectors in developed countries mismanage sustainability issues. The study offers valuable insights into the interplay between business strategy and carbon emissions and provides empirical evidence that business strategy is an important determinant of total and direct carbon emissions.

China is the biggest emitter of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the world, and agricultural GHG emission accounts for nearly a fifth of the total emission in China. To understand the carbon absorption and emission characteristics of agricultural production systems in those arid oasis areas, a typical representative city in northwestern China, Zhangye City, was selected for study.The emission factor method was used to analyze and calculate the characteristics of changing carbon emission dynamics in the whole agricultural production system in Zhangye city region (38,592 km2) from 2010 to 2021.The results revealed that carbon emissions during agricultural planting mainly come from fertilizers, which account for the highest proportion (47.9%) of total carbon emissions in agricultural planting. Animal enteric fermentation emissions from local livestock farming are the main contributor (86%) to GHG emissions. The annual average carbon absorption intensity is 4.4 t C-eq ha−1 for crop and 2.6 t C-eq ha−1 for the agricultural production system. The ratio of total carbon emissions from agricultural production to carbon sequestration of crops is 1:1.7. We find that the total carbon sequestration slightly exceeds its total carbon emissions in the study region, with an annual average of 41% for its sustainable development index. Carbon emissions of the agricultural production system in this oasis area are mainly driven by the livestock industry, mostly CH4 emissions from cattle raising.Reducing the local carbon emissions from the livestock industry, typically the cattle raising, will play a crucial role in reducing carbon emissions from this local agricultural production system and maintaining its net positive carbon balance.

Global Warming Due to Carbon Emissions is a threat to life on earth. According to the World Meteorological Organization, the earth's temperature rose by 1.06 °C to 1.26 °C above pre-industrial levels (1850–1900). According to the IPCC report (2021), the impacts of climate change will reach all regions in the world without exception. Indonesia's commitment to reduce carbon emissions by 29% with its efforts and 41% with international cooperation until 2030. Analysis of land cover uses the Unsupervised Classification, the method for calculating carbon emissions above the surface uses the IPCC method, namely the stock differential and the method for analyzing emissions of peat decomposition uses the Hooijer formula et al. (2006, 2010) with estimated water level from the TMAT BRGM data regression equation with NDWI Landsat 8 values then total carbon emissions by adding emissions from above and below the surface. Based on the results of the analysis of land cover at the research location, the area was dominated by plantations at 37.8%, while the forest area was only 7.9%. Ground carbon emissions average 0.23 Mt CO2-eq per year, below Ground carbon emissions are 9.94 Mt CO2-eq and total carbon emissions are 10.17 Mt CO2-eq with total emissions from 2013 - 2022 of 91.6 Mt CO2-eq Carbon emissions in KHG Sungai Mendahara - Batanghari graphically fluctuate, there is an increase and decrease but tends to increase until 2022 this is due to land conversion and massive land clearing in forest areas and the biggest contributor to carbon emissions from decomposition peatlands.

Effectively exploring the impacts of urban spatial structures on carbon dioxide emissions is important for achieving low-carbon goals. However, most previous studies have examined the impact of urban spatial structure on total carbon emissions based only on polycentricity. Fine-grained studies on subsectoral carbon emissions and other dimensions of urban spatial structure are lacking. Therefore, our study comprehensively explores the impact of urban dispersion and polycentricity on total carbon emissions and carbon emissions of four subsectors (industry, power, civilian, and transportation) from 2012 to 2017 while considering the effects of city size. Results reveal that the nighttime light data is useful for measuring urban spatial structure, and a polycentric, decentralized urban spatial structure correlates with the reduced total carbon emissions and transportation carbon emissions. Meanwhile, a decentralized urban spatial structure gives rise to lower industrial carbon emissions and civilian carbon emissions, whereas a multicenter urban spatial structure contributes to minimizing carbon emissions from power systems. However, in small and medium-sized cities, urban spatial structure differently affects the total carbon and transportation carbon emissions.

A novel method for carbon emission forecasting based on Gompertz's law and fractional grey model: Evidence from American industrial sector

As global climate change continues to accelerate,the frequency and intensity of forest fires continue to grow.Forest fires,which play an important ecological role in forest ecosystems,have a very significant effect on carbon emissions and carbon sinks,and also play an important role in the carbon cycle. Although the impact of forest fires on carbon emissions has been analyzed in detail,studies that scientifically and accurately measure carbon and carbonaceous gas emissions from forest fires are lacking. Carbon dioxide( CO2) emissions from temperate forest fires are usually calculated based on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change guidelines( IPCC 1997) and only include direct effects of burning.Forest fires have been shown to release significant amounts of carbon into the atmosphere and play a significant role in theglobal carbon cycle and carbon balance. In this study,we estimated the level of emissions from forest fires for carbon and carbonaceous gases including CO2,carbon monoxide( CO),methane( CH4),and non-methane hydrocarbons( NMHC)from 1953 to 2012 in Heilongjiang Province,China. We used a geographic information system based modeling approach to simulate emissions using a two-step procedure. First,we calculated total carbon released from forest fires in Heilongjiang for selected years between 1953 and 2012 by merging and analyzing measurements of several parameters. Second,we calculated the amounts of four carbonaceous gases released during the burn,CO2,CO,CH4,and NMHC,using several different experimentally derived emission factors. The origin of each of the inputs used in our models was based on a combination of analysis of forest fire inventory,forest resources inventory,field research,and laboratory experiments.Direct total carbon emissions from forest fires in Heilongjiang during 1953—2012 were about 5. 88×107t,and mean annual carbon emissions were about 9. 80 ×105t per year,accounting for 8. 66% of the direct total carbon emissions from forest fires in China. Carbon emissions of four trace gases,CO2,CO,CH4and NMHC,from forest fires were 1. 89×108,1.06×107,6.33×105and 4. 43×105t,respectively; mean annual emissions of CO2,CO,CH4and NMHC were 3. 15×106,1.77×105,1.05×104and 7. 38×103t,respectively,accounting for 7. 74%,6. 52%,9. 42% and 6. 53% of the amounts of CO2,CO,CH4and NMHC released from forest fires in China,respectively,during that period. Our results indicate that combustion efficiency of coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest is lower than other forest types. The mean annual burned area for this type of forest accounts for 57. 54% of China's total burn area,while this area's fires account for only 38. 57% of carbon total emissions from forest fires. We propose the following forest fire management strategy. First,our studies show that the area's mean annual forest fire carbon emissions have an important impact on the regional carbon balance. So,we suggest strengthening the management of forest fuels( fine fuels,heavy fuels,etc.) as part of the regional forest fire management strategy. Fuels on the ground do not decompose easily in Heilongjiang's cold and dry temperate forests. Land managers should implement a reasonable prescribed burning plan designed to reduce the accumulation of combustible fuels.A policy for conducting periodic prescribed burning will reduce the incidence of forest fires. Prescribed burning should help land managers to control and limit the incidence and intensity of wildfires while allowing them to improve the condition of the ecosystem. Finally,we should give full consideration to the role of forest fires in maintaining the ecological balance of forest ecosystems.

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 新疆能源消费碳排放过程及其影响因素——基于扩展的Kaya恒等式 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201410152033 作者: 作者单位: 广州地理研究所,中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,广州地理研究所 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 广东省科学院青年科学研究基金(qnjj201501); 广州地理研究所优秀青年创新人才基金(030) The process of energy-related carbon emissions and influencing mechanism research in Xinjiang Author: Affiliation: Guangzhou Institute of Geography,, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:新疆,中国西部的欠发达区域,如何在保持社会经济持续快速发展的同时实现碳排放的减速增长是现阶段的重要发展命题,对于实现国家的减排目标有着至关重要的作用。通过对经典的Kaya恒等式进行扩展,并采用基于LMDI的完全分解模型,解析了1952年-2010年新疆的一次能源消费的碳排放的主要驱动因素。依据1952年以来新疆社会经济发展状况和碳排放总量演变特征,并结合一定的历史背景等,将新疆的一次能源消费的碳排放划分为6个演变阶段,定量分析了人口规模效应、经济产出效应、能源强度效应、能源结构效应和能源替代效应在不同发展阶段的贡献作用,主要的研究结论如下:(1)经济产出效应和人口规模效应是新疆碳排放增长的最主要贡献因子。(2)能源强度效应在1978年之前对碳排放的增长表现为正效应,主要原因是极低的能源利用效率和落后的生产工艺。改革开放之后,能源强度效应成为遏制碳排放增长的重要贡献因子。(3)能源结构效应和能源替代效应也是遏制新疆碳排放增长的主要贡献因子,但是其贡献作用还比较小,主要是因为可再生能源在能源消费总量中的比重还比较低和以煤为主的能源消费结构还没有发生根本性的改变。 Abstract:Reduction of greenhouse gases (GHG) has become a primary concern for policy makers and government managers globally. China has become the world's largest primary energy consumer and carbon emitter after decades of rapid economic growth. Research on regional carbon emissions is crucial for China to achieve its reduction targets. Presently, the biggest challenge faced by the local government is to reduce carbon emissions, and ensure that it does not hinder social-economic development. This case study in Xinjiang, a less developed area in western China, aimed to determine the most important carbon emission contributors and analyze energy-related carbon emissions. Our estimates were based on the provincial and national energy statistics. Data resources available for the present study included statistics on populations, gross domestic product (GDP), and total energy consumption from 1952 to 2010. Carbon emissions due to energy consumption were calculated according to the method of the IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. It was observed that the total energy consumption in Xinjiang increased from 0.393 Mtce in 1952 to 82.902 Mtce in 2010, representing a 210.95-fold increase over the period of 59 years. Energy-related carbon emissions in the area increased from 0.285 Mt in 1952 to 53.662 Mt in 2010, representing a 188.23-fold increase over the study period. We analyzed the changes in the total carbon emissions and carbon emissions structure from 1952 to 2010. Coal consumption was found to be the biggest contributor to total carbon emission in Xinjiang. The share of carbon emissions from coal consumption decreased until 2004, but increased afterward. The share of carbon emissions from natural gas increased steadily from 0.12% in 1954 to 8.66% in 2010. The Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) technique based on an extended Kaya identity was used to determine the five main energy-related carbon emissions in Xinjiang. We first used the LMDI method to decompose carbon dioxide emissions on a yearly basis. To understand of the factors influencing long-term carbon emissions, we divided the carbon emissions process into six stages based on the changing trends of socio-economic development and carbon emissions, historically. This method included measurements of the effects of population, affluence, energy intensity, renewable energy penetration, and emission coefficient for the different stages of the process. Decomposition results showed that affluence and population effects are the two most important contributors to increased carbon emissions, but their contributions are different in the special development period. Energy intensity was positive in curbing carbon emissions during the pre-reform period, but became relatively dominant after 1978. Renewable energy penetration and emission coefficients played important negative but relatively minor effects on carbon emissions. The insignificant effect of renewable energy penetration is largely attributed to the small shares of renewable energy, amounting to less than 6% of the total energy consumption. The emission coefficient effect plays a minor role in curbing carbon emissions, because the coal-dominated energy consumption structure has not fundamentally changed. An effective solution to these problems will help Xinjiang to reduce carbon emissions and environmental damage with economic growth. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Spatial-temporal characteristics of carbon emissions corrected by socio-economic driving factors under land use changes in Sichuan Province, southwestern China

This article estimated the size of carbon sink, emission, net carbon farmland ecosystem in China costal regions (including ten provinces) with statistic data from 1990 to 2010(which include crop yield and agricultural consumptions). Conclusions are as following: (1) the total carbon sink, emission and net of farmland ecosystem in China costal regions all increased since 1990. Carbon is obviously more than carbon emission, for example, total carbon in 2010 is 3 times more than carbon emission, which showed that the costal region is generally a sink region. While, because the increasing rate of carbon emission (265%) exceeded that of carbon (44%), the carbon function of farmland ecosystem in China costal regions will be saturated within several decades. (2) There were significant temporal-spatial differences in carbon sink, emission and net among different costal regions. Further, there are also differences in per area carbon sink, emission and net among different costal regions. The total and per area carbon emission increased year by year from 1990, while that of carbon and net changed drastically. The total carbon and net in relative developed regions has a down trend from 1990 to 2010. a special example: carbon emission exceeded carbon and caused that net carbon and per area net carbon was negative in 2010 in Shanghai, which indicated that Shanghai has been a carbon source region in 2010 because the decrease of cropland and increase of agricultural consumptions. (3) The proportion of carbon sinks in the main crops of farmland ecosystem in China costal regions compared with that of the whole nation decreased since 1990, which indicate that with the decrease of cropland and increase of agricultural consumptions, the carbon function of costal farmland is weaken.

The accelerated growth of the global economy has given rise to a multitude of environmental concerns that demand immediate attention. At this juncture, the total global carbon emissions are exhibiting a gradual increase. China, the United States, India, Russia, and Japan represent the top five countries in terms of global carbon emissions, collectively accounting for approximately 60% of the global total. Of these, China’s carbon emissions are the highest in the world, representing over 30% of the global total. As urbanization accelerates, the carbon emissions from urban agglomerations constitute a substantial share of the nation’s total emissions, rendering the carbon emissions of urban clusters a critical issue. In the context of China’s urban agglomerations, the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, due to factors such as industrial structure, accounts for a relatively high proportion of carbon emissions, approximately 11% of the national total. The future trajectory of carbon emissions in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region will significantly impact the high-quality development of the entire urban cluster. Consequently, research on carbon emissions in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region is of vital importance. This paper takes the carbon emissions of the power industry in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region as the research subject, analyzes its carbon emissions status, and builds a multi-regional input–output model for the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region based on the input–output tables and carbon emissions data of each province. This study explores the key influencing factors of carbon emissions from the power industry in this region from 2012 to 2017 and analyzes the carbon emissions transfer and structural evolution from the perspective of the region and the industry to clarify the carbon reduction responsibilities of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region and provide references and recommendations for the formulation of regional collaborative emission reduction policies. The results show that the direct carbon emissions from the power industry in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region account for a higher proportion compared to the indirect carbon emissions it generates by driving other industries. Industries with relatively high indirect carbon emissions in the key path include coal mining and selection, equipment manufacturing, transportation, services, etc. The capital input process from Tianjin and Hebei to Beijing is accompanied by a relatively high carbon transfer. Promoting the widespread adoption of carbon emission reduction technologies will have an effective suppressive effect on carbon emissions in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, especially in Hebei; Beijing and Tianjin should pay attention to the stimulating effect of increased final demand on carbon emissions; the transfer of carbon emissions between regions and industries shows a downward trend as the power sector undergoes transformation.

Greenhouse gas emission inventory of drinking water treatment plants and case studies in China

The oil and gas drilling industry contributes to the release of greenhouse gases (GHG), especially carbon emissions from the combustion of fuel, and waste from its activities. It is rare to measure the quantity of these emissions. Going forward, it may become a legislative requirement to do so. This paper provides several approaches to measure and reduce carbon emissions from drilling activities to support the Glasgow Climate Pact at COP26 in November 2021 to keep alive the hope of limiting the rise in global temperature to 1.5˚C. Carbon emissions are analyzed based on the API Compendium of Greenhouse Gas Emission Methodologies for The Oil and Natural Gas Industry, 2009. The authors provide practical equations to implement in offshore drilling activities and establish workflows to estimate carbon emission of CO2, N2O and CH4 from stationary combustion of rig engines and from marine vessels. Supported by SANGEA Software (SANGEA™ is a GHG emissions calculation tool owned by the American Petroleum Institute), total carbon emissions for Field X from jack up rig operations from September 2021 until March 2022 was calculated at 2,328 tons CO2e/ month, and total emissions from production and drilling operations was calculated at 8,791 tons CO2e/ month. Appreciating the significant ± 26% carbon emissions contribution from drilling activities will drive improved well engineering, operations optimization, fuel efficiency and low carbon footprint utilization through digitalization/automation. Unrecorded emissions from vented sources (well testing, completion and unloading) and indirect emissions controlled by other parties such as land transportation, helicopters and electricity imports in workshops will be part of the discussion. Additionally, this paper proposes administrative workflows to support the initiative through frequent fuel consumption records and through development of a roadmap to reduce carbon emissions from continuous drilling campaigns. The novelty of this paper is focusing on offshore drilling activities to abate carbon emissions in jack up rig operations. Knowing the portion and magnitude of carbon emissions from drilling activities will drive efforts to reduce carbon emissions and to support Net Zero Carbon Emission aspirations in the oil and gas industry.

Calculation and utility analysis of lychee life-cycle carbon emissions considering food loss and waste