A stop transfer sequence recognizes receptors for nascent chain translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane

Abstract

A stop transfer sequence derived from the extreme carboxyl terminus of membrane IgM heavy chain has been shown to confer predictable transmembrane orientation to secretory proteins by aborting translocation of subsequently synthesized protein domains. Here we demonstrate that, in certain peptide sequence contexts, the same stop transfer sequence is also capable of initiating domain translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Translocation directed by a stop transfer sequence is similar to, but distinguishable from, the action of a conventional signal sequence. Translocation is dependent on participation of the ribosome and protein receptors both in the cytoplasm and in the ER membrane. Moreover, both amino- and carboxy-terminal flanking protein domains can be translocated. Unlike a signal sequence, the stop transfer sequence is not itself translocated across the membrane. These results have implications for the nature of signal sequences, stop transfer sequences, and their receptor interactions.