Abstract
Agricultural water scarcity is a global problem and this reinforces the need for optimal allocation of irrigation water resources. However, decision makers are challenged by the complexity of fluctuating stream condition and irrigation quota as well as the dynamic changes of the field water cycle process, which make optimal allocation more complex. A two-stage chance-constrained programming model with random parameters in the left- and right-hand sides of constraints considering field water cycle process has been developed for agricultural irrigation water allocation. The model is capable of generating reasonable irrigation allocation strategies considering water transformation among crop evapotranspiration, precipitation, irrigation, soil water content, and deep percolation. Moreover, it can deal with randomness in both the right-hand side and the left-hand side of constraints to generate schemes under different flow levels and constraint-violation risk levels, which are informative for decision makers. The Yingke irrigation district in the middle reaches of the Heihe River basin, northwest China, was used to test the developed model. Tradeoffs among different crops in different time periods under different flow levels, and dynamic changes of soil moisture and deep percolation were analyzed. Scenarios with different violating probabilities were conducted to gain insight into the sensitivity of irrigation water allocation strategies on water supply and irrigation quota. The performed analysis indicated that the proposed model can efficiently optimize agricultural irrigation water for an irrigation district with water scarcity in a stochastic environment.
Highlights
Water scarcity has been a main constraint to social-economic development, underscoring the importance of efficient water resource management
Irrigation water allocation results for each crop in each time period under each flow level were obtained by solving the optimization model, considering the different terms of the water balance
It indicated that groundwater could be regarded as a regulative water source at a reasonable range to improve irrigation water allocation patterns in the Yingke irrigation district
Summary
Water scarcity has been a main constraint to social-economic development, underscoring the importance of efficient water resource management. As the largest water consumer, is being subjected to reductions in water allocation because of the expected increase in water demand for non-agricultural sectors, such as industrial, domestic, ecological, and environmental use [1]. Future irrigated agriculture will face challenges to meet the growing demand of food, attributed to continuing population growth and rapid socio-economic development. Uneven spatio-temporal distribution of available water has caused significant problems of inefficient usage of irrigated water, droughts, and floods [2]. Optimal allocation of agricultural irrigation water with the aim to develop and implement appropriate water resource infrastructure and management strategies is a potential way to alleviate water scarcity.
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