Abstract
ABSTRACT: The adaptation of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) technology to fit the needs of farmers requires knowledge of the accuracy level delivered by a GNSS receiver in working conditions. To date, no methodology indicates the minimum number of replications to perform a statistical comparison. This study aims to advance knowledge on the methodological approach for evaluating the static and dynamic performance of GNSS receivers commonly used in agricultural operations. For the static test, a supporting frame in the ground carried all the receivers with coordinates properly transported. In the dynamic test, a circular rail with a 9.55 m radius was installed at ground level with a platform driven by an electric motor to carry the receivers at a constant speed. The transversal error of the receiver to the circular reference line was measured. The error with 95 % probability (E95) to receivers without differential correction ranged between 4.22 m and 0.85 m in the static test, and 2.25 m and 0.98 m in the dynamic test. Receivers with differential correction had E95 values below 0.10 m in the static test and 0.16 m in the dynamic test. Receivers with C/A code require five replications at minimum and 13 replications are needed for L1/L2 with differential correction signals in the dynamic test. The static test needs nine replications for C/A and five for L1/L2 with differential correction signals.
Highlights
The use of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) in agriculture has evolved, enabling a revolution in georeferenced data collection, which is performed faster, more accurately, and less costly
Due to limited information on the performance of GNSS receivers and signals for static and dynamic tests, this study aims to advance knowledge on the methodological approach for evaluating the static and dynamic performance of GNSS receivers commonly used in agricultural operations, including statistical issues related to the number of replications
Receiver ID 10, with Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) differential correction, displayed less dispersion of errors when compared to receivers with Satellite-based Augmentation Systems (SBAS)
Summary
The use of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) in agriculture has evolved, enabling a revolution in georeferenced data collection, which is performed faster, more accurately, and less costly. Some challenges in agricultural operations involve the selection of an adequate source of differential correction signals, depending on the accuracy required, and the choice for the right option, regarding availability, practical aspects, and costs. Some agricultural operations, such as autoguidance technology for precision inter-row cultivation, require high accuracy, normally below 0.10 m, and it is only possible with the use of differential correction signals (Machado and Molin, 2011). For remote agricultural areas in Brazil, there is little or no access to Internet networks, making Network RTK unavailable or costly
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