Abstract
Abstract Variations of the electronic properties of nickel during the first stages of oxidation were studied by means of the soft x-ray appearance potential spectroscopy (APS). The spectra consist of a superposition of contributions from metallic nickel and from NiO and yield no evidence for a continuous change of the oxidation state of the Ni atoms. The binding energy of the 2p3/2-electrons in metallic nickel was found to be 851 eV and is increased in NiO by 1.4 eV. It is concluded from the shape of the APS peaks that with Ni above the Fermi level 3d- and 4s-bands are superimposed whereas with NiO these are separated in energy.
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