A SIMPLE SPOT-TEST APPROACH FOR DETECTING ACID-INDUCED DEGRADATION OF MARIBAVIR

CMV Infection after Transplant from Cord Blood Compared to Other Alternative Donors: The Importance of Donor-Negative CMV Serostatus

The CARI guidelines. CMV disease and kidney transplant: pre-emptive treatment of cytomegalovirus.

The CARI guidelines. CMV disease and kidney transplant: treatment of cytomegalovirus disease in renal transplant recipients.

The CARI guidelines. CMV disease and kidney transplant: prophylaxis for cytomegalovirus infection in patients following renal transplantation.

Aspergillosis in Solid Organ Transplantation

Invasive Aspergillosis in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

The novel and traditional risk factors for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease in solid organ transplant (SOT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, the current strategies for the prevention of CMV disease, the emerging syndrome of late-onset CMV disease, and the risk factors for antiviral drug resistance are described. The evolution of transplantation practices, the changes in the characteristics of donors and recipients, the introduction of novel immunosuppressive drugs, and the widespread use of antiviral drugs for CMV prevention have collectively influenced the natural history of CMV infection and disease in SOT and HSCT recipients. Strategies for CMV prevention with the use of antiviral drugs, whether as prophylaxis or as preemptive therapy, are effective in reducing the incidence of CMV disease in transplant recipients. However, late-onset CMV disease is now emerging as a serious problem. Donor and recipient CMV serostatus and other traditional risk factors for early-onset CMV disease appear to contribute to the occurrence of late-onset CMV disease during the first year after transplantation. The epidemiology of CMV infection and disease has changed after transplantation. Strategies to prevent late-onset CMV disease include the prolonged use of antiviral prophylaxis, but this practice can lead to the emergence of antiviral drug resistance, which has been associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality.

The present study aimed to develop simple, accurate and precise FTIR and UV spectrophotometric methods for the quantification of Atenolol and Hydrochlorothiazide in bulk and tablet dosage forms. FT-IR method like classical least squares (CLS) was developed within the range of 2366.69-3433.44; 1564.40-1673.30 cm- UV methods like Cramer’s matrix method (method-I) and linear regression analysis (Method II) were developed and they are based upon constructing the matrix set by using molar absorptivity values at 275.60 nm and 270.40 nm. The assay values for FTIR- CLS method were 102% and 108 % for Atenololand Hydrochlorothiazide respectively. Cramer’s matrix method results were found to be 95.15% and 104% for Atenolol and Hydrochlorothiazide respectively and for linear regression method they were found to be 98.50% and 106% (w/w).

Rapidly Generated Multivirus-specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes for the Prophylaxis and Treatment of Viral Infections

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) and solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, with traditional anti-CMV therapies limited by their associated toxicities and the development of resistance. Clinical providers are often faced with challenging and complicated CMV infections that require multiple courses of antiviral therapies. Increasingly, advanced practice providers (APPs) are playing an important role in the day-to-day management of transplant recipients with CMV infection, including resistant/refractory CMV and other complex CMV syndromes. Here, we provide an overview of current preventative and treatment strategies for CMV infection in HCT and SOT recipients, highlighting the challenging aspects of current management and the potential utility of newer antiviral agents. This article also focuses on how a multidisciplinary team, orchestrated by APPs, can improve CMV-associated patient outcomes. Protocols using antiviral agents for the prevention or treatment of CMV infections require carefully designed and meticulously implemented strategies to ensure the best clinical outcomes for patients. APPs, who have increasingly become the frontline providers of outpatient care for transplant recipients, are ideally positioned to design and carry out these protocols.

Human Cytomegalovirus and Kidney Transplantation: A Clinician's Update

A simple, accurate, precise, economic, robust and rugged UV spectrophotometric method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of Atenolol and Ivabradine HCl in synthetic mixture. Combination of Atenolol and Ivabradine HCl has not any analytical method developed yet, so this UV method is novel for combined synthetic dosage of Atenolol and Ivabradine HCl (10:1). The absorbance maxima of Atenolol and Ivabradine HCl were found to be 276.00 nm and 286.50 nm respectively. Beer law obeyed the concentration range of 20–100 μg/ml and 2–10 μg/ml for Ivabradine HCl. The result of analysis was validated statistically and by the recovery studies. The %RSD value of all validation parameter less than 2. The proposed method can be effectively applied for the estimation of these two drugs.

Objective: The simple, rapid, accurate, precise and cost-effective UV spectrophotometric methods have been developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of Loratadine and Ambroxol Hydrochloride in tablet dosage form. Methods: The UV methods have been developed utilizing concept of standard addition utilizing Methanol: Water (50:50%, v/v) as a solvent. Method is estimation using simultaneous equation method at 305 nm (λmax of Loratadine) and 242 nm (λmax of Ambroxol Hydrochloride). Results: Linearity was observed in range of 5-25 μg/ml each for Loratadine and Ambroxol Hydrochloride, respectively for methods. The correlation coefficient (r2) value was found to be values in the range of 0.9941-0.9961. The assay result of marketed formulation was found to be 99.98 % and 100.07 % of Loratadine and Ambroxol Hydrochloride. Conclusion: The present result shows that the proposed method can be successfully implemented for estimation of Loratadine and Ambroxol Hydrochloride in bulk and its marketed formulations. Methods were statistically validated as per ICH guidelines and can be successively applied for analysis for tablets formulation.

Severing the Gordian knot of prevention of cytomegalovirus in liver transplant recipients: The principle is the sword

Oral antiviral drugs for treatment of cytomegalovirus in transplant recipients