A Short History of Writing

We evaluated the prevalence of GAD Ab in Japanese Type 2 diabetic patients treated with oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHA) and/or diet and followed GAD Ab(+) patients to assess the usefulness of GAD Ab as a marker for future insulin treatment prospectively. A total of 2658 Japanese Type 2 diabetic patients treated by OHA and/or diet were randomly selected between April 1996 and December 1998. The clinical characteristics at entry were assessed and patients were followed for 1-3 years. The overall prevalence of GAD Ab among Type 2 diabetic patients was 2.0%. Forty-five had a history of diabetes of < or = 5 years (short history) while those with duration > 5 years (long history) totalled nine. Among them, 47% of patients with a short history did not require insulin in the follow-up period. However, none of those with a long history required insulin treatment within 2 years. Comparison of patients based on GAD titre in those with short history showed that 33% of patients in the high-titre group (> or = 20 U) required no insulin treatment in the first year of follow-up. In contrast, this proportion was 80% in the first and 67% in the second year in the low-titre group (< 20 U). The prevalence of GAD Ab in Japanese patients with a short and long history of diabetes was 2.8% and 0.9%, respectively. The presence of GAD Ab in Japanese Type 2 diabetic patients with a short history of diabetes is a marker for early insulin treatment.

Marina Lewycka's 2005 novel, A Short History of Tractors in Ukrainian, was long-listed for Booker Prize, short-listed for Orange Prize, and quickly became a bestseller. Written by British-born daughter of Ukrainian immigrants, this comic novel tells story of a gold-digging Ukrainian migrant, Valentina, who tries to obtain citizenship by marrying Nikolai, an elderly Ukrainian who has resided in Britain since World War II. Nikolai's adult daughter, Nadezhda, narrates novel in first person and satirizes Valentina's absurd, aggressive consumerism and Nikolai's pathetic lustfulness. Short History's plot shows narrator gradually beginning to sympathize with Valentina while cheerfully engineering her deportation. The incongruity between these two directions comes to a climax at novel's end: Valentina is indeed deported but also figuratively included as a necessary part of assimilated family, which, in final scene, recognizes itself to be fully, normatively, happily British. The joy of its ending requires main characters to have accepted Valentina and welcomed her into family and nation, but novel cannot fully accept such a conclusion. Britain rejects Valentina and draws her into its folds at same time; it needs her and needs to expel her. Despite affective confusion this double gesture entails, novel is nonetheless compelled toward both of opposed endings of deportation and assimilation. In process, novel struggles between two opposed understandings of national subjectivity: is nation defined inclusively and flexibly, by a welcoming ethic of hospitality? Or is nation defined exclusively and rigidly, in a threatened, defensive version of what it means to be British? In Short History, neither version of Britishness wins; novel is stuck between them. In many ways, Short History is a thinly disguised memoir and work of an inexperienced author who is not always in control of her text.The incoherence of novel's ending is something another writer might have resolved stylistically or thematically, but its theoretical implications are not any less provocative or interesting because they may be unconscious. Short History's competing models of British identity resonate with, but also require us to rethink, what Paul Gilroy has recently theorized as divergence between and melancholic versions of British national culture in aftermath of empire. In convivial mode, British identity is grounded in practical, everyday encounters with diversity that characterize cosmopolitan life; such a version of Britishness is open and empathetic and embraces the processes of cohabitation and interaction that have made multiculture an ordinary feature of social life (Gilroy xv). Gilroy's conviviality has identification at its heart: in convivial city, inhabitants can imagine themselves in each other's situations, no matter what cultural differences might stand in way. Short History's narrator develops by doing just that: by opening herself to and sympathizing with Valentina, that threatening other. The narrator's capacity for sympathy and identification gradually increases across novel and signals that she is in process of becoming a full realist character driven by interiority. With this developmental structure, Lewycka's novel follows formula of ethnic bildungsroman or assimilation narrative, in which an ethnic character grows along a trajectory that culminates in his or her assimilation to nation. As Lewycka's characters learn to identify with each other and gain self-conscious, realist subjectivities, they prepare themselves for assimilation to a nation defined by conviviality. Thus, Short History seems to be committed to a convivial version of national identity, as it moves toward sympathy, identification, and assimilation. But even though Nikolai and Nadezhda begin to make themselves British precisely by learning to sympathize with someone unlike them--Valentina--they finally assimilate only after she is deported. …

Isolated myocarditis as a cause of sudden death in the first year of life

ABSTRACTThe style of extension and strain distribution during the early stages of intra‐continental rifting is important for understanding rift‐margin development and can provide constraints for lithospheric deformation mechanisms. The Corinth rift in central Greece is one of the few rifts to have experienced a short extensional history without subsequent overprinting. We synthesise existing seismic reflection data throughout the active offshore Gulf of Corinth Basin to investigate fault activity history and the spatio‐temporal evolution of the basin, producing for the first time basement depth and syn‐rift sediment isopachs throughout the offshore rift. A major basin‐wide unconformity surface with an age estimated from sea‐level cycles at ca. 0.4 Ma separates distinct seismic stratigraphic units. Assuming that sedimentation rates are on average consistent, the present rift formed at 1–2 Ma, with no clear evidence for along‐strike propagation of the rift axis. The rift has undergone major changes in relative fault activity and basin geometry during its short history. The basement depth is greatest in the central rift (maximum ∼3 km) and decreases to the east and west. In detail however, two separated depocentres 20–50 km long were created controlled by N‐ and S‐dipping faults before 0.4 Ma, while since ca. 0.4 Ma a single depocentre (80 km long) has been controlled by several connected N‐dipping faults, with maximum subsidence focused between the two older depocentres. Thus isolated but nearby faults can persist for timescales ca. 1 Ma and form major basins before becoming linked. There is a general evolution towards a dominance of N‐dipping faults; however, in the western Gulf strain is distributed across several active N‐ and S‐dipping faults throughout rift history, producing a more complex basin geometry.

Reviewed by: Wall Street: America's Dream Palace David Nasaw Wall Street: America's Dream Palace. By Steve Fraser. New Haven: Yale University Press. 2008. Steve Fraser, the author of the Every Man A Speculator, the best long cultural history of Wall Street, has now written the best short history, Wall Street: America's Dream Palace. [End Page 124] Fraser has chosen to frame his short cultural history with four congruent but intertwining essays on four "ideal typical" Wall Street characters: The Aristocrat (e.g. William Duer and J.P. Morgan), The Confidence Man (e.g. Mark Twain's "Colonel Sellers" and the real-life Charles Ponzi), The Hero (e.g. Commodore Vanderbilt and Morgan, again), and The Immoralist (e.g. Jay Gould and Michael Milken). Each essay traverses a chronological sweep of a century or more; each introduces characters real-life and fictional; each draws comparisons and makes contracts between a then and a now; each segues artfully into the next. This is not a traditional history. The ideal types we are presented with are amalgams, composite configurations. Writing in the tradition of Matthew Josephson—though without the ideological over-reach, Fraser moves effortlessly from real events and personages to their caricatured representations. He is not overly interested in cutting through the cultural baggage to get at the "real" J.P. Morgan, Daniel Drew, or Jay Gould, but with fastening our attention on the cultural resonance, reach, and signification of these truly larger-than-life characters. This is cultural history without apologies or regrets: its subject the iconic images of Wall Street, not its day-to-day operations. What we come away with is an understanding of how Wall Street—as a dream palace, alternately and often simultaneously celebrated and excoriated—has functioned to distract attention from the economic system it has sustained and defined for more than two centuries. It has always been more convenient—for politicians, the press, and the American public—to rail against the demons of Wall Street—aristocrats, confidence men, and immoralists alike—than to confront and condemn capitalism outright. While there is much to appreciate in the telling of this tale, there were moments when I wished that Fraser had given us more history and less culture, moments when I got lost in his luxuriously overheated prose and wanted a realty check, an authorial voice to distinguish for me between the real-life tycoons and their fictional representations, between Michael Milken and Gordon Gecko. One was real, the other fictional, one did damage in the real world, the other did not. We gain a great deal by allowing one image to morph into the other, but do we not also lose something as well? This is an ideal book for students in a wide variety of courses. It should be widely read and widely adopted. The author is, of course, to be commended, but so too Yale University Press, which has done a splendid job of publishing, and Mark Crispin Miller, the editor of the ICONS OF AMERICA series, who had the good sense to envision Wall Street as an American "icon" and commission Fraser to write about it. David Nasaw City University of New York Copyright © 2010 Mid-America American Studies Association

This guide accompanies the following article: Ellie G. Bagley, Writing the History of the English Bible: A Review of Recent Scholarship, Religion Compass 5/7 (2011) pp. 300–313, 10.1111/j.1749‐8171.2011.00286.x Author’s Introduction The 400th anniversary of the King James Bible (KJB) has drawn increased attention to the study of the English Bible, from its earliest versions to more recent translations and formats. In addition to the host of new publications on the subject, colleges and universities are offering a broader range of courses on the history and impact of the English Bible, both for undergraduates and graduate students. This guide is offered as an aid for instructors developing (or re‐designing) courses on the English Bible, and for those interested in adding a few days or a few weeks to existing syllabi in religion, history, or literature. Engagement with primary resources is especially encouraged, and instructors may wish to supplement facsimile‐reprinted and online editions with materials available at institutional libraries or in traveling exhibitions. Author Recommends Norton, David. (2011). The King James Bible: A Short History from Tyndale to Today. New York: Cambridge University Press. Of the many one‐volume introductions to the history of the English Bible, Norton’s stands out as both readable and containing helpful notes and bibliographies that synthesize recently published work in the field. Campbell, Gordon. (2010). Bible: The Story of the King James Version, 1611–2011. New York: Oxford University Press. This is a well‐written and engaging account, with especially good coverage of the reception history and American contexts of the KJB. Lori Ann Ferrell. (2008). The Bible and the People . New Haven: Yale University Press. This book examines the broader cultural importance of the Bible in western culture throughout the past millennium. Sixteenth‐century Bibles receive due attention, as does the subject of the Bible in America and missions and print culture in the nineteenth century. Daniell, David. (2003). The Bible in English: Its History and Influence. New Haven: Yale University Press. This is generally recognized as the most thorough narrative in recent years and is well worth having students read from selectively. Norton, David. (2005). A Textual History of the King James Bible . New York and Cambridge: Cambridge UP. This authoritative account of developments in the text of the KJB has helped to offset popular notions of the “classic,” unchanging quality of the KJB’s text, which changed significantly in editions from the eighteenth century onwards. Hamlin, Hannibal and Jones, Norman (eds.) (2010). The King James Bible after Four Hundred Years: Literary, Linguistic, and Cultural Influences. New York: Cambridge University Press. An excellent collection of essays exhibiting recent work on the literary impact and cultural significance of the KJB. Helen Moore and Reid, Julian (eds.) (2011). Manifold Greatness: The Making of the King James Bible. Bodleian Library Publishing. Contributions from Diarmaid MacCulloch, Peter McCullough, Judity Maltby and others introduce readers to the traveling library exhibition first featured at Oxford’s Bodleian Library, April 22 through Sept. 4, 2011. For exhibition schedule, see: http://www.manifoldgreatness.org/index.php/see‐the‐exhibition/ . Nicolson, Adam. (2003). God’s Secretaries: The Making of the King James Bible. New York: HarperCollins. Published in Great Britain in 2003 by HarperCollins Publishers Ltd. as Power and Glory: Jacobean England and the Making of the King James Bible. A lively and informative account of the cultural context and personalities of the scholars who translated and published the KJB, 1604–1611. Lemon, Rebecca, Mason, Emma, Roberts, Jonathan and Rowland, Christopher (eds.) (2009). The Blackwell Companion to the Bible in English Literature. Chichester, United Kingdom, and Malden, Massachusetts: Wiley‐Blackwell. A useful guide to the scores of books and articles on the literary influence of the KJB and other English versions of the Bible. Thuesen, Peter J. (1999). In Discordance with the Scriptures: American Protestant Battles over Translating the Bible. New York: Oxford University Press. A fascinating and well‐researched study of the King James Only movement in twentieth‐century America, centered on resistance to the Revised Standard Version of 1952 with good background on nineteenth‐century contexts. Online Materials http://www.kingjamesbibletrust.org/ This site provides a full list of Annivers

Queries from Green's 'Short History'

Reviewed by: PTSD: A Short History by Allan V. Horwitz Edgar Jones Allan V. Horwitz. PTSD: A Short History. Johns Hopkins Biographies of Disease. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2018. xviii + 238 pp. Ill. $28.95 (978–1–4214–2639–6). Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was formally recognized by the American Psychiatric Association in 1980 with the publication of DSM-III. It followed a sustained campaign by critics of the Vietnam War who sought to highlight the injurious psychological effects of the conflict, but the diagnosis was included only when the committee on reactive disorders concluded that PTSD had a general applicability and could be observed after any form of traumatic event. In this study, Allan Horwitz, author of Anxiety, a Short History, has applied his sociological insight to PTSD. He adopts a thematic approach with chapters devoted to the history of post-traumatic illness, the conceptual antecedents of PTSD, psychological casualties created by war and the campaign to persuade psychiatrists that this was a legitimate diagnosis. Horwitz also explores how the recovered memory movement offered an implicit challenge to PTSD by suggesting that some severe traumatic experiences are repressed to an extent that they leave no conscious trace. [End Page 144] Vivid and intrusive memories, by contrast, are key symptoms of PTSD beyond the ability of sufferers to suppress. The author vividly documents the rise in the incidence of PTSD and analyzes the culture of vulnerability and compensation with which it is associated. As Horwitz acknowledges, PTSD is but one position in the enduring debate about where to locate causality for post-traumatic illness between the poles of environmental stressor and individual vulnerability. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, people themselves, their personality and inherited characteristics, were held primarily responsible for their breakdown. To explain why only a subgroup succumbed to the psychological effects of battle, combat stress was relegated to a secondary role or that of a trigger. With evidence from casualty statistics collected after World War II and during the Vietnam conflict, psychiatrists increasingly attributed causality to the traumatic event. This reversal eroded much of the stigma associated with post-traumatic illness, though it failed to address the shame and guilt commonly experienced by those with a diagnosis of PTSD. Shell shock is explored as part of the intellectual and clinical heritage of PTSD, though the role of Frederick Mott is overlooked. As a neuropathologist with an international reputation, he was appointed by the War Office to lead research into its causality and treatment. Based at the Maudsley Hospital with a regular influx of patients, Mott was arguably the first clinician in the UK to identify the fundamentals of the PTSD model. He observed that most cases arose from a pre-existing vulnerability and some the result of concussion or toxic exposure. However, Mott identified a third group who were healthy individuals subjected to “terrifying or horrifying conditions,” soldiers whose record demonstrated that they are “neither of a timid disposition” or possessed of “any neuropathic tendency” and for whom the event was the primary cause.1 Although Horwitz describes the momentum behind research into the limbic system designed to identify the neuro-biology of PTSD, more detail could have been given on the hypotheses and findings in the search for an organic explanation. This research, if successful, could result in the disorder being reframed as a neurological illness with specific therapeutic targets. In sum, Horwitz draws together an impressive array of work to produce a balanced and concise analysis of PTSD that will serve as an insightful guide to the nature and evolution of the disorder. Whilst the fourth iteration of PTSD, published in DSM-5 (2013), incorporated much additional research, a new critique of the disorder has gathered momentum. The growing interest in moral injury is, in part, driven by the idea that PTSD fails to capture the full range of emotions and cognitions that follow exposure to traumatic events. A high percentage of those with mild traumatic brain injury also report the symptoms of PTSD, prompting the hypothesis that microscopic brain lesions may account for both disorders. Horwitz’s measured history of PTSD may have come at a time when the disorder...

Defining autoimmunity: an epistemological history

Reviewed by: 1917: Revolution in Russia and Its Aftermath by Emma Goldman et al., and: The Russian Revolution and Its Global Impact: A Short History with Documents by Jonathan Daly and Leonid Trofimov, and: World Revolution, 1917–1936: The Rise and Fall of the Communist International by C.L.R. James Lisa A. Kirschenbaum 1917: Revolution in Russia and Its Aftermath. By emma goldman, alexander berkman, murray bookchin, and ida mett. Montreal: Black Rose Books, 2018. 421 pp. $29.99 (paper). The Russian Revolution and Its Global Impact: A Short History with Documents. By jonathan daly and leonid trofimov. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Co., 2017. 228 pp. $18.00 (paper). World Revolution, 1917–1936: The Rise and Fall of the Communist International. By c.l.r. james. Edited and introduced by Christian Høgsbjerg. Durham: Duke University Press, 2017. 544 pp. $32.95 (paper). What's Left? 1917 and World History In Russia, where the October Revolution of 1917 remains a "contentious event," and even "something of an embarrassment," its centenary was scarcely commemorated.1 Outside of Russia, many [End Page 452] anniversary reflections explored the event's lasting "global impact."2 These reflections suggest a significant reappraisal of the revolution's legacy since the end of the cold war, when historians and political scientists in the West announced the "end of history" and an inevitable "transition to democracy."3 From the perspective of 2017—and perhaps even more, 2019—democracy looks far less resurgent than it did in 1989. Thirty years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, the "transition" in many places is producing not democracy, but authoritarian nationalism. Under these circumstances, the cold war demonization of socialism as synonymous with Bolshevism is losing much of its power, especially among those too young to remember the evil empire. In 2018, in the wake of Bernie Sanders's presidential campaign and the election of Donald Trump, Gallup found that Americans aged 18 to 29 are more positive about socialism than they are about capitalism.4 For those eager to reclaim and reimagine alternatives to capitalism for the twenty-first century, the three books under review offer plentiful food for thought, if not inspiration. All three are collections of primary sources that to varying degrees address what historian Stephen Smith has recently identified as a critical shortcoming of scholarship and scholars of the Revolution: the inability to "understand – certainly to empathize with – the aspirations of 1917." The most explicitly classroom-ready of the three, Jonathan Daly and Leonid Trofimov's The Russian Revolution and Its Global Impact: A Short History with Documents, provides the widest range of perspectives on 1917, from Vladimir Lenin to W.E.B. Du Bois. The authors include plenty of "bloodshed and violence," but do not entirely ignore "the idealism, hope, and self-sacrifice that," Smith emphasizes, "were also the revolution's key constituents."5 [End Page 453] The other books under review are new editions of anarchist and Trotskyist criticisms of the Soviet state and the Communist International (Comintern). Often deeply polemical, the accounts by both the anarchists—notably Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman—and the Trinidadian activist C.L.R. James bear powerful witness to the idealism, anger, and hope of revolutionaries who sought to overthrow both capitalism and Soviet-style socialism. That Daly and Trofimov are not primarily concerned with generating empathy for the revolution's aspirations becomes immediately clear in the volume's preface. They begin with an account of the gruesome 1918 murder of the tsar and his family: "Blood splattered everywhere. Some were finished off with bayonets" (p. x). The vignette underscores the authors' view of the Russian Revolution as operating "beyond the pale of reasonable justification" as it "adopted dozens" of "surreal" or "unprecedented" policies, including the nationalization of property, "violent campaigns against religion," the legalization of abortion, and the "creation of a worldwide network of subversive organizations" (p. xii). Behind these often violent and purportedly irrational policies, Daly and Trofimov find a desire to "create a new order, liberate humanity, enact justice, bring to life a new human, and make not just Russia, but eventually the whole world a better place" (p. xiii). These global ambitions, and their...

Reviewed by: Engaging Japanese Philosophy: A Short History by Thomas P. Kasulis Leah Kalmanson (bio) Engaging Japanese Philosophy: A Short History. By Thomas P. Kasulis. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2018. Pp. i + 773. Hardcover $72. ISBN 978-0-8248-6979-3. When I first opened my copy of Thomas Kasulis's Engaging Japanese Philosophy: A Short History, I had planned to skip around, as one might do when reading an edited volume. Initially, I was most interested in how I might excerpt various chapters for classroom use. And I have indeed come away with many ideas for reading this book with students (a point that I will return to in the end). But, after making it through just the first few pages of Kasulis's highly informative and entertaining history of Japanese philosophy, I found that the book demands to be read in the order in which it was written. In addition to his role as philosopher and historian, in this book Kasulis is a storyteller. And so, as when enjoying a story, I read the book from cover to cover. The book is organized into four sections—ancient, medieval, Edo, and modern—each containing two chapters on an individual philosopher and a third chapter on general historical context, not always in that order. The philosophers included are Prince Shōtoku, Kūkai, Shinran, Dōgen, Ogyū Sorai, Motoori Norinaga, Nishida Kitarō, and Watsuji Tetsurō. The historical chapters focus on the Heian and Kamakura periods, Muromachi and Warring Domains, Edo, and the modern period, respectively. Throughout the text, Kasulis's narrative is synced to the 2011 collection Japanese Philosophy: A Sourcebook1 via marginal page citations, so that readers can cross-reference all texts and thinkers that he mentions with the primary source material available in the Sourcebook, making the two books together an impressively comprehensive course in Japanese philosophers, from famous to infamous to obscure. In his Preface, Kasulis explains why his project is not an intellectual history or a history of ideas but rather a history of philosophy, and that, as such, he writes with a philosopher's methodologies. Though the book is far-reaching in both breadth and depth, the thread that ties the content together is Kasulis's engagement with methods of philosophical argumentation and analysis that developed in Japan as a result of scholarly interactions within and across the major intellectual lineages comprising Confucianism, Buddhism, and nativist studies. More than an intellectual history of such developments, Kasulis's text also serves as an [End Page 1] introduction to these methodologies and an invitation to use them as tools for philosophical scholarship today. In particular, he identifies four key strategies for philosophical engagement relevant to his project: refutation, allocation, hybridization, and relegation (pp. 35–39). Refutation is the methodology most familiar in the Western context, resting on the basic logic of contradiction: if a given proposition is refuted as false, then the negation of that proposition is affirmed as true. As Kasulis points out, this method is not only seen as characteristic of Western philosophy but often as essential to doing any philosophy at all. Nonetheless, he claims, it is not the dominant mode of philosophical argumentation in Japan, where intellectual discourses often looked to achieve various modes of co-existence, compromise, and, at times, synergy. Argument by allocation, for example, looks to restrict competing claims within separate areas of discourse, to reveal that the competition is only apparent and that all claims carry weight in the contexts in which they are applicable. Relegation achieves a similar end but ranks various areas of discourse hierarchically, showing that some are more limited in scope than others, thereby upholding the supremacy of claims that are seen to be applicable in the most all-encompassing sense. In turn, hybridization does not restrict claims to separate areas of discourse but rather aims for a fusion that, at times, results in a third position altogether. All four strategies can be seen across both Western and Japanese traditions, Kasulis says, but the latter three strategies are particularly important for understanding philosophy in Japan. The chapters on the eight philosophers featured in the book alternate between Kasulis's engagement with the...

Religious Studies ReviewVolume 35, Issue 4 p. 300-300 God and Race in American Politics: A Short History – By Mark A. Noll Amos Yong, Amos Yong Regent University School of DivinitySearch for more papers by this author Amos Yong, Amos Yong Regent University School of DivinitySearch for more papers by this author First published: 26 November 2009 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0922.2009.01390_8.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume35, Issue4December 2009Pages 300-300 RelatedInformation

Reviews in Religion & TheologyVolume 17, Issue 4 p. 515-517 God and Race in American Politics, A Short History – By Mark A. Noll Borden Painter, Borden Painter Trinity CollegeSearch for more papers by this author Borden Painter, Borden Painter Trinity CollegeSearch for more papers by this author First published: 26 August 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9418.2010.00665.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume17, Issue4September 2010Pages 515-517 RelatedInformation

Syria: A Short History: Being a condensation of the author's History of Syria including Lebanon and Palestine Get access Syria: A Short History: Being a condensation of the author's History of Syria including Lebanon and Palestine. By Philip K. Hitti. London, Macmillan, 1959. ix+271 pp. Maps. Index. 21s. D. H. D. H. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 36, Issue 2, April 1960, Page 261, https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/36.2.261 Published: 01 April 1960

Famine: A Short History