Abstract
BackgroundEbola viruses cause viral hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates and are endemic in Africa. Reston ebolavirus (REBOV) has caused several epizootics in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) but is not associated with any human disease. In late 2008, REBOV infections were identified in swine for the first time in the Philippines.MethodsA total of 215 swine sera collected at two REBOV-affected farms in 2008, in Pangasinan and Bulacan, were tested for the presence of REBOV-specific antibodies using multiple serodiagnosis systems. A total of 98 swine sera collected in a non-epizootic region, Tarlac, were also tested to clarify the prevalence of REBOV infection in the general swine population in the Philippines.ResultsSome 70 % of swine sera at the affected farms were positive for REBOV antibodies in the multiple serodiagnosis systems. On the other hand, none of the swine sera collected in Tarlac showed positive reactions in any of the diagnosis systems.ConclusionsThe high prevalence of REBOV infection in swine in the affected farms in 2008 suggests that swine is susceptible for REBOV infection. The multiple serological assays used in the study are thought to be useful for future surveillance of REOBV infection in swine in the Philippines.
Highlights
Ebola viruses cause viral hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates and are endemic in Africa
The results showed a high prevalence of Reston ebolavirus (REBOV) infection in swine in the affected farms at the epizootics in 2008; REBOV antibodies were not detected in the swine population not associated with the epizootics, indicating that REBOV infection in swine in the Philippines is not common, at least in some parts of Tarlac
Detection of REBOV-NP and -GP antibodies in swine using Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) Swine sera were analyzed for the presence of REBOVNP and -GP antibodies in IFA specific to REBOV-NP and -GP, respectively
Summary
Ebola viruses cause viral hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates and are endemic in Africa. In October 2008, REBOV infection was confirmed for the first time in swine associated with multiple epizootics of respiratory and abortion-related diseases in the Philippines [17]. Serological studies of limited scale on 13 swine sera in the affected farms failed to detect REBOV antibodies in ELISA, PRRSV antibodies were detected [17]. It is still unclear how REBOV was spread among swine during the epizootic. The results showed a high prevalence of REBOV infection in swine in the affected farms at the epizootics in 2008; REBOV antibodies were not detected in the swine population not associated with the epizootics, indicating that REBOV infection in swine in the Philippines is not common, at least in some parts of Tarlac
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