Abstract
A strain-meter to measure the relative horizontal displacement between two plates embedded 500 mm apart in ice, for use in both fresh and sea ice, has been developed and tested in the Antarctic at temperatures down to −20°C. In practice the strain-meter has a sensitivity of about 8 × 10 − and is unaffected by the vertical accelerations which can occur when waves propagate through floating ice sheets. It is robust enough to allow quick installation, can be buried in the ice, has precise autozeroing functions which enable creep to be monitored, has a response time less than 0.02 sec and can present the strain results in a variety of formats. The strain-meter has been used to study waves in floating ice-sheets generated by moving vehicles, and to monitor strains within the Erebus Glacier Tongue.
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