Abstract
Optimal scheduling of reconfigurable interconnected microgrids is a precious and critical task for the residential consumers especially with the integration of renewable energy sources, dispatchable units and energy storage systems. In this regard, not only the optimal scheduling of the microgrids in a realistic and correlated environment is a necessity, but also the guarantied security and the prevention of cyber-attacks are mandatory tasks for the operators. This article first addresses these issues by developing a novel framework based on blockchain for secured data transaction from the individual microgrids’ components to the central control unit and then tries to find the optimal scheduling plan using stochastic programming based on point estimate method (PEM). Through such a hybrid PEM-blockchain based framework, the interconnected microgrids can supply the residential loads in a fully reliable, economic and secured structure. We also consider a social-economic framework to not only minimize the total operating cost of the microgrids, but also benefit the customers by enhancing the social factors through the optimal switching. Considering the complex and nonlinear nature of the problem, an effective corrected crow search (CCS) algorithm is deployed to find the most optimal operating point for the microgrids. The quality and capabilities of the proposed model are investigated using a practical residential interconnected microgrid. The results show that the optimal switching could reduce the total operation cost from $22,716 to $21,935 (3.56% reduction). Also, the average energy not supplied (AENS) has reduced from 1.4115 to 1.352 kWh/customer.yr (4.40% reduction), which are notable values. The results advocate the quality and functionality of the proposed framework.
Highlights
MICROGRID concept is a new and valuable technical term for covering the old concerns of the power researchers in relevance to distributed generations (DGs), renewable energy sources, active networks, storage units and demand response [1]
The interconnected microgrids make it possible for the single microgrid to share the extra power generation/storage capacities with each other and reduce the costs and improve the power quality [5]. This is important from the independent system operator (ISO) point of view since it can be used as an effective ancillary service to the main grids [6]
A novel hybrid method based on stochastic programming of a point estimate method (PEM) is proposed to capture the uncertainty effects due to the renewable energy sources, electrical load demand and energy price
Summary
MICROGRID concept is a new and valuable technical term for covering the old concerns of the power researchers in relevance to distributed generations (DGs), renewable energy sources, active networks, storage units and demand response [1]. The authors in [16] have tried to consider each microgrid as an energy hub and replace the idea of interconnected microgrids with multi-energy hubs It provides a decentralized approach based on alternating direction method of multipliers to preserve the ownership when running the optimal scheduling. A reconfiguration strategy is considered as a key solution for changing the topology of microgrids using some remotely control switches [26] This can reduce the power losses in the feeders, and can reduce the costs by more optimal power sharing among DGs, renewable energy sources and storages [27]. In order to solve the problem, an effective modified algorithm based on crow search is proposed which helps to find the most optimal operating point for the dispatchable units, the storage unit and microgrids’ power sharing scheme.
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