A secure deterministic remote state preparation via a seven-qubit entangled channel of a two-qubit entangled state under the impact of quantum noise

Abstract

In this study, a deterministic remote state preparation protocol is presented for the preparation of arbitrary two-qubit entangled states through a seven-qubit entangled channel prepared from the state proposed by Borras et al. (2007). The implementation of any protocol for quantum communication is inherently susceptible to quantum noise, presenting a challenge to the reliability and security of quantum communication systems. The introduction of noise results in a transition from a pure to a mixed quantum state. This paper examines six distinct noise models, including bit-flip noise, phase-flip noise, bit-phase-flip noise, amplitude damping, phase damping, and depolarizing noise, and analyzes their impact on the entangled channel. The alterations to the density matrices resulting from the introduction of noise are evaluated. The fidelity between the original and remotely prepared quantum states is also analyzed and visually represented. Additionally, a thorough security analysis is conducted to demonstrate the robustness of the protocol against both internal and external attacks.