A-Scan Parameters and the Risk of Phacomorphic Glaucoma in the Kazakh Population.

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The aim of our study was to identify risk factors associated with phacomorphic glaucoma (PG) by comparing the biometric parameters of contralateral eyes of patients with PG with the eyes of patients with a mature cataract. Methods: This retrospective case-control study included 71 eyes affected with PG, 311 eyes of control participants, and 71 contralateral eyes of patients with PG. All participants were ethnically Kazakh. Axial lengths (AL), anterior chamber depths (ACD), and lens thicknesses (LT) were measured using A-scan ultrasound biometry. To determine the threshold value of the A-scan parameters associated with PG, we performed ROC analysis. Results: The eyes with PG had smaller AL and ACD values and larger LT values, followed by the fellow eyes with PG and the control eyes. There were no differences in age and sex between patients with PG and mature cataracts. After adjustment for age and other A-scan parameters, continuous measures of ACD and LT were associated with PG (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.38-0.73, p < 0.001; OR 3.36, 95% CI 1.64-6.912, p = 0.001). When A-scan parameters were dichotomized according to the identified threshold, an ACD of less than 2.5 mm (OR 3.113, 95% CI 1.562-6.204, p = 0.001) and an LT thicker than 4.75 mm (OR 26.368, 95% CI 9.130-76.158, p < 0.001) were found to be related to PG. Conclusions: We found that a thicker lens and, possibly, a shallow ACD are risk factors for PG.