A roadmap for accounting researchers: the ‘how to’ of successful international collaboration

To present and discuss our experiences of learning how to establish and maintain an international collaboration as early career nurse researchers residing in the United States and Australia. International research collaborations require additional startup time given the complexities of navigating cultural differences, obtaining ethics committee approvals in different countries and collecting human subject data. International collaborations may be daunting for early career researchers given their inexperience and pragmatic focus on research projects that lead to outputs achievable on short timelines for career advancement. Discussion paper. Evidence from international literature about global collaborations across numerous disciplines, including potential factors that could facilitate or constrain early career researcher efforts to engage in international collaborations, were combined with authors' lived experiences as early career researchers. Our collaboration began in July 2022 through a professional introduction spurred by a call for applications to fund global nursing education collaborations. Interpersonal, logistical and organizational factors played a role in our lived experiences of beginning an international collaboration. Our experiences are consistent with published literature about the time and complexity involved in conducting international research. Investing time building interpersonal relationships strengthens international research and supports collaborative learning and intercultural understanding. These professional relationships can be built over time to develop significant bodies of research with international impact. Early career researchers need to be resilient, persistent and tenacious as they 'jump through hoops' to establish international research collaborations. Building relationships during international research collaborations supports collaborative learning for intercultural understanding and strengthens research to address emerging global problems. International nursing research collaborations could encourage greater curiosity, innovative ideas and solutions to international problems that could not be achieved in isolation. There was no patient or public involvement in the design and development of this paper.

International research collaboration and co-authorship among scholars is always encouraged, yet it comes with its share of difficulties. While globalization brings its own challenges in sales, this special issue focuses on the challenges of fostering international collaboration in sales research. Such perspective is important in today’s academic context for three main reasons. First, international collaboration in research forces scholars to take an international perspective on research problems and thus consider fields of study that may transcend cultural boundaries. Second, with international research collaboration indubitably comes broader exchanges of ideas. Having a breadth of perspectives is at the very essence of scholastic work. Third, international research collaborations can drive intellectual communities to embrace important global challenges confronting modern sales organizations.

" …︁ Cross-cultural collaboration, when it works, is synergistic, and brings understanding between partners that neither is likely to be able to develop alone. There are people in the world that know something, but nobody knows everything. International collaborations in science bring together and capitalize on the dispersal of knowledge and resources across the globe, and the human desire to advance knowledge …︁" Read more in the Editorial by Joseph S. Francisco.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide theoretical basis and data support for researchers to choose appropriate international partners, provide a basis for Chinese research funding agencies, such as National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) to formulate international research collaboration (IRC) strategies and policies and provide recommendations for the improvement of the internationalization level of China's basic scientific research.Design/methodology/approachBased on existing research, this study took output of “Major International (Regional) Joint Research Project” (MIJRP) funded by NSFC and participated by Chinese scholars in the meantime as the analysis object, proposed hypotheses and constructed the indicators of IRC and research output (RO). In addition, the mathematical statistics was used to compare the RO of China's IRC and nonIRC, and the statistical analysis model was used to measure the influence on RO of collaboration country's research capacity, research collaboration between China and US, scope of international research collaboration and reprint author country.FindingsThe RO of China's IRC is higher than that of nonIRC; research capacity of collaboration country has no inevitable effect on the RO of China's IRC; the RO of China's IRC participated by Americans is higher than that without American scholars; expanding the scope of China's IRC to some degree can increase RO; the RO of China's IRC led by foreigners is higher than that led by Chinese. In particular, China–US IRC and foreign scholars acting as the reprint author are two major factors for the RO of China's IRC.Originality/valueMost of the traditional research on IRC are based on the co-author papers, and this study tried to analyze the characteristics and regularities on IRC from a new view of international collaboration projects, which can be a supplement to the traditional international collaboration research on co-author papers.

While for centuries scientific activities have spanned national borders, research has been organised largely nationally and locally with diverse missions, reward systems, hierarchies and funding structures. Diversity of research governance facilitating development of a wide variety of competences and approaches can ensure opportunities for highly creative international collaborations but it can also increase costs of collaboration due to the need to reconcile diverse institutional and organisational arrangements. Both international collaboration and research governance are undergoing important transformations. While international research collaboration is increasing, governance of research funding, careers and evaluation is considerably changing. It has been suggested that, due to changes in research governance, freedom to choose collaborators and topics and to undertake long-term and risky research has been restrained. In this context, the Thesis undertakes multiple longitudinal in-depth case studies to obtain evidence of institute governance and other factors influencing the emergence, evolution and results of international collaborations at “grass-root” level. Multiple data sources and research methods are used to build a typological theory from seven case studies. Publication, citation, organisational and CV data together with 61 interviews with researchers in 31 leading nano S&T institutes in Germany, the Netherlands, France, Belgium and the United Kingdom are analysed. The findings reveal that institute governance characteristics, such as autonomy, rich communicative and collaborative environment, open organisational culture, support for international mobility and recruitment and availability of diverse funding sources, facilitate productive and creative international collaborations, supporting initiatives of researchers and self-organisation processes of the scientific community. The Thesis develops a typological theory of the influence of institute governance on international research collaboration in nano S&T in Europe, specifying how three ideal types of institute governance with diverse missions, reward systems, collaborative and communicative environment, mobility and funding structures - ‘exploratory’, ‘industrially relevant’ and ‘catch-all’ - relate to specific modes of international research collaboration. While collaboration among institutes with diverse types of governance can be beneficial due to complementarities, it can also increase the costs of collaboration as their institutional differences have to be reconciled.

<p>Research collaboration accross countries is known as a promising strategy to enhance science and technology capacity and is more popular for researchers as it contributes to research productivity. In the context of a developing economy, like Indonesia, the goal of international research collaboration is to increase scientific capacity of researchers in developing economy, however limited information how the international research collaboration could promote innovation. This paper aims to reveal research results in medical research collaboration between institution in Indonesia and other countries and how the collaboration could promote innovation. Case study of eight international collaboration research projects in medical research were utilized, in which Indonesian researchers worked collaboratively with foresign researchers. The reseach found that international research collaboration has opened opportunities for Indonesian researchers to learn and upgrade their capability and be able to contribute to scientific knowledge. Collaborative research in the medical areana requires long term research and significant funding support. Based on the case studies, none of international research projects reached commercialization stage, because clinical research requires significant funding and the involvement of industry as clinical trials would enhance innovation.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: international research collaboration, innovation capacity, medical innovation, collaboration process, Indonesia.</p>

In this large‐scale research based on bibliometric, biographical and administrative data, we examine how gender disparities in international research collaboration differ by collaboration intensity, academic position, age, and academic discipline. The following are the major findings: (1) While female scientists exhibit a higher rate of general, national, and institutional collaboration, male scientists exhibit a higher rate of international collaboration. (2) An aggregated picture of gender disparities hides a more nuanced cross‐disciplinary picture of them. (3) An analysis of international research collaboration at three separate intensity levels (low, medium, and high) reveals that male scientists dominate in international collaboration at each level. However, at each level, there are specific disciplines in which females collaborate internationally more than males. Furthermore (4), gender disparities in international research collaboration are clearly linked with age: they are the lowest and statistically insignificant for young scientists and the highest and statistically significant for the oldest scientists. Finally, we estimate the odds ratios of being involved in international research collaboration using an analytical linear logistic model. The examined sample includes 25,463 internationally visible Polish university professors from 85 universities, grouped into 24 disciplines, and 158,743 Scopus‐indexed articles.

BackgroundCardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) which are considered as the major public health problems, result in substantial increases in economic and health care costs, and are the first leading cause of death worldwide. Clinical research are the backbone of attempts to build and conduct evidence-based policies to perform the best caring of CVDs. International collaborations, increase the quality of research. Therefore, the present study was conducted in order to assess the changes in the geographic pattern of Iran's international cardiovascular research collaborations.MethodsThis study was a systematic review with scientometrics approaches. Numbers and rates of international research collaborations were extracted from the Web of Science database. Results are reported as figures by Graph Pad v6 and Arc GIS v7 software.ResultsThe results showed that, 18.3% of all Iran's cardiovascular research have been conducted with international collaborations. The increasing rates were 14.4%, 16.5%, and 21.3% in the time periods of 2004-2009, 2010-2014, and 2015-2019, respectively. The obtained results indicated that, the United States was the first research partner of Iran in the field of cardiovascular and the other partners were England, Australia, Italy and Poland; respectively.ConclusionThis study provides a global description of a changing pattern of the international research collaboration behavior of Iran and also indicates that the international research collaboration follow a logical trend in the cardiovascular field. Building effective international research collaboration networks as well as encouraging researchers to work in these networks can be considered by policy makers in university levels in the future.

International collaboration is one of the effective ways to enhance the impact of scientific research papers. In this research, international research collaboration papers published by world-class universities in the field of humanities and social sciences from 2015 to 2019 were selected as the research object, and the effective enhancement of the impact of international research collaboration papers was found to not be dependent on expanding the scale of international research collaboration, but rather on selecting researchers with different international backgrounds and from high-level institutions for collaboration. It was also discovered that, in the field of humanities and social sciences, despite a relatively low proportion of international research collaboration papers being led by Chinese scholars, the Chinese research is characterized by a higher impact compared with the research led by non-Chinese scholars. In light of this, a series of proactive measures should be taken by China’s world-class universities, such as actively participating in and initiating international collaboration, selecting high-level research collaborators, and attracting scholars from different countries to engage in research collaboration in the field of humanities and social sciences.

This paper addresses the relationship between age and international research collaboration. The main research question is: do younger researchers collaborate more internationally than their senior colleagues? A common assumption is that younger generations are generally more internationally oriented than older generations. On the other hand, senior researchers may have larger international networks compared to younger colleagues. The study is based on data for 5,600 Norwegian researchers and their publication output during a three-year period (44,000 publications). Two indicators for international collaboration are used: The share of researchers involved in international collaboration measured by co-authorship and the average proportion of publications with international collaboration per researcher. These indicators reflect two different dimensions of international collaboration. Although the findings are not consistent across age cohorts and indicators of internationalization, the overall trend is that international collaboration tends to decline with increasing age. This holds both at aggregate levels and within groups of academic positions. However, the generational differences are not very large, and other variables such as the field of research explain more of the differences observed at an individual level.

International research collaboration is a way to facilitate original knowledge production, share research equipment, promote learning together and talent pooling at a cross-border level. However, it takes place in a hierarchical and unequal global research space. Conditioned by various structural factors, researchers actively exercise their agency to pursue their own objectives through international research collaboration. While researchers’ agency is widely acknowledged in the literature, it remains unclear how the agency-structure plays out in international research collaboration. This study addresses this research gap through a case study of a Chinese elite university. It collected data from the university’s researchers and administers, and national policymakers through in-depth interviews and policy document analyses. The results reveal two types of agency exercised by researchers in international research collaboration – agency as reflexive response to structural factors and agency as reflexivity in seeking international collaborators and collaboration – and influential structural factors that condition researcher’s exercise of agency. The study theoretically contributes to the understanding of the agency-structure complex in international research collaboration and has practical implications for research policymakers, universities, and researchers.

The purpose of this paper is to present a framework for dialogue for university-based nursing programmes that are planning and developing international research programmes. Future trends will continue to drive the need for international research due to the globalisation of healthcare issues. Nursing, as one of the main providers of healthcare services, can play a larger role in improving healthcare globally, by leading the way in international collaborative research. A definition of international nursing research is offered, as well as a framework consisting of three broad issues for discussing international work. The three foci of the framework are (a) international nursing research priorities, (b) rewards of international nursing collaborations and (c) challenges of these collaborations. Examples of international collaborative nursing research experiences with nurses in Haiti, Taiwan, Thailand and the United Kingdom are examined, along with lessons learned

BackgroundInternational research collaboration in the field of neuropsychopharmacology offers immense potential to bridge the gap between cutting-edge neuroscience discoveries and their application in clinical psychiatry. Despite the rapid advancements in understanding brain function and psychotropic mechanisms, a disconnect persists between the latest neuroscientific evidence and its integration into everyday psychiatric practice. For early career researchers (ECRs), engaging in international research can be a pivotal step toward fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and translating research into clinical innovations. However, significant barriers impede their ability to contribute effectively on a global scale.Aims & ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to uncover the challenges faced by ECRs involved in international collaborations within the field of neuropsychopharmacology.MethodA survey was created by the participants of the 1st CINP Fellowship Program and shared online through CINP’s official communication channels. The inclusion criteria were as follows: psychiatrists up to five years post psychiatric qualification and researchers up to five years after Ph.D. (or equivalent), conducting research in the field of neuropsychopharmacology, with a background in medicine, pharmacy, neuroscience, psychology, natural sciences, or similar disciplines. All respondents gave their consent to participate in the study. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovakia (EK 4/2024).ResultsAs of now, we have received 50 responses from participants across 24 countries. There were 27 (54%) female respondents. The majority of the respondents were aged 25-34 years (54%). In terms of current positions, there were 1 undergraduate medical student, 9 Ph.D. students, 9 psychiatry residents, 5 dual Ph.D. students/psychiatry residents, 12 post-doctoral researchers, 7 consultant psychiatrists, 1 associate professor, 4 assistant professors, and 2 full professors. The majority of participants had a medicine background (65%). While 98% (49 out of 50) expressed interest in and recognized the value of international collaborations in neuropsychopharmacological research, only 60% had prior international collaboration experience. Major barriers included: lack of financial and external support (88%), scarcity of specialty- or methodology-specific resources (70%), shortage of networking opportunities such as conferences (58%), logistical difficulties such as language barriers and organizing meetings in different time zones (58%), and insufficient technological resources (44%).Discussion & ConclusionsThis study highlights strong interest among ECRs in international neuropsychopharmacology collaborations, despite significant barriers including financial constraints, insufficient support, and limited access to specialized resources. Difficulty in collecting responses from international ECRs, particularly non-medical researchers, suggests challenges in accessing international networks. This may result in their underrepresentation in studies and research collaborations. Addressing these challenges through targeted funding, enhanced networking platforms, and accessible resources can foster greater global collaboration and interdisciplinary perspectives. Such efforts are crucial to bridge the disconnect between neuroscientific evidence and clinical practice, engage researchers globally, and ultimately advance mental health research and care.Funded by the EU NextGenerationEU through the Recovery and Resilience Plan for Slovakia under the project No. 09I03-03-V04-00207.

International research collaborations improve individual, institutional and governmental capacities to respond to health crises and inequalities but may be greatly affected by political environments. Iran ranks highly in tertiary education,...

The number of scientific publications produced by Indonesian Collaborating Partners is still not optimal. When comparing the number of international research partnerships with the indicator of the number of Research Permits issued, the overall performance of international scientific publications resulted by Indonesian Partners, especially joint publications (co-authorship) Indonesian researchers and foreign researchers, is still very low. This study examines the research management undertaken by Indonesian partner institutions in international collaborative research and its positive impact on scientific publication performance. The research adopts a qualitative approach. Primary data were collected through structured in-depth interviews with 31 key informen selected using purposive method. Risk management analysis has been applied as theoretical framework to explain the implementation of research partnership carried out by Indonesian partner institutions in international research collaboration. The performance of scientific publications is more an achievement of strengthening management undertaken by Indonesian partner institutions formulated into mutually agreed clauses in collaborative research agreements with foreign institutions, rather than being the outcome of foreign research permit policy.