A richer perspective of community-based tourism and social development affecting quality of life

有鑑於親職壓力與社會支持皆是影響身心障礙者家長與普通家長生活品質的重要因子，本研究乃結合後設分析、路徑分析與聯合t檢定等方法，探討與比較兩組家長在親職壓力、社會支持與生活品質之間的關係。研究結果發現，兩組家長的親職壓力與社會支持間有負相關，親職壓力與生活品質間有負相關，社會支持與生活品質間則是正相關；兩組家長的親職壓力不僅均對生活品質產生直接負向效果，也會透過社會支持對生活品質產生間接負向效果；而且儘管兩組家長在親職壓力對社會支持的負向效果差不多，身心障礙者家長在社會支持對生活品質的正向效果及親職壓力對生活品質的負向效果等卻不及普通家長。綜上所述，本研究建議未來宜持續發展與實施能有效減緩家長親職壓力及增進社會支持品質的具體方案，以利提升家長的生活品質。也由於身心障礙者家長的親職壓力與社會支持對生活品質的預測效果並不高，建議未來研究應持續探討其他預測因子，以利擴充家長生活品質的理論基礎。

Background: The physical, psychological, social, and spiritual quality of life (QoL) may be affected by breast cancer diagnosis and treatment, with mixed findings for psychological quality of life and cognitive ability performance. The present study aimed to evaluate QoL in women over 1 year from biopsy for a breast abnormality.Methods: Self-reported measures of physical, psychological, social, and spiritual QoL were obtained after biopsy results but prior to treatment initiation (baseline), 4 and 12 months later. CogState computerized neuropsychological screening battery also provided an evaluation of psychological QoL. Three groups of women including those with benign biopsy results, those with malignancy treated with chemotherapy, and those with malignancy not treated with chemotherapy were compared at 4 and 12 months after adjusting for baseline to isolate the effects of treatment. Additional covariates included are age, level of education, and income.Results: Benign biopsy results group included 72 women, whereas malignancy was found in 87 women of whom 33 were treated with chemotherapy and 54 without chemotherapy. At the time of diagnosis, women with cancer had worse psychological and social QoL but better spiritual QoL than those with benign biopsy results. Only CogState monitoring accuracy was worse for women with cancer compared with the controls at the time of biopsy results. After adjusting for QoL at baseline, women treated for cancer had worse physical and social QoL at 4 and 12 months later. Psychological well-being was worse for women with cancer at 4th month but improved at 1 year. No differences in cognition were found at 4 and 12 months when adjusted for baseline cognition and covariates.Discussion: Breast cancer is a traumatic life event for women, affecting psychological and social QoL domains, yet increasing spiritual QoL. Later, cancer treatment worsens physical, psychological, and social QoL compared with those without cancer.Conclusions: These findings suggest that interventions to improve psychological QoL may be especially important at the time of cancer diagnosis, while interventions to improve physical well-being are the most needed during and following cancer treatment. Support to improve social QoL is needed from the time of diagnosis into post-treatment survivorship.

The impact of anaphylaxis on the quality of life and mental health of adults.

اهداف: کیفیت زندگی، مفهومی پیچیده و چندبعدی است که تحت تأثیر مولفه هایی چون زمان و مکان، ارزش‌های فردی و اجتماعی از سوی متفکران علوم شهری و سایر اندیشمندان علوم مختلف مطرح و مورد پژوهش قرار گرفته است. تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی شاخص‌های کیفیت زندگی و سنجش آن در شهر مرکزی زرین دشت (حاجی‌آباد) بر مبنای 4 گروه شاخص‌های اقتصادی، اجتماعی، خدماتی و کالبدی صورت گرفته است. روش: روش تحقیق، در این مقاله توصیفی- تحلیلی و ابزار آن پرسش‌نامه می‌باشد. روایی پرسش‌نامه با استفاده از نظرات متخصصان و پایایی آن با استفاده از محاسبه آلفای کرونباخ (72%) تعیین شد. جامعۀ آماری در این پژوهش7 محله از شهر حاجی‌آباد (20000نفر) می‌باشد که با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 377 نمونه انتخاب گردید و به‌صورت تصادفی در هر محله پرسش‌نامه توزیع شد. تجزیه و تحلیل پرسش‌نامه با استفاده ازآمار توصیفی، همبستگی و رگرسیون چندگانۀ خطی انجام شد و در نهایت از روش آنتروپی شانون جهت وزن‌دهی شاخص‌ها و تکنیک پرومتی جهت رتبه‌بندی محلات به‌کار گرفته شد. یافته‌ها/نتایج: یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد که در شهر حاجی‌آباد، محلۀ فرهنگیان بالاترین سطح کیفیت زندگی شهری و محلۀ حسین‌آباد، پایین‌ترین سطح کیفیت را در بین محلات دارد. همچنین در بررسی ابعاد چهارگانۀ شاخص کیفیت زندگی همبستگی مستقیم و معناداری وجود داشته و هر یک از این ابعاد همبستگی معناداری با رضایتمندی نهایی از کیفیت زندگی دارند و از بین شاخص‌های کیفیت زندگی، شاخص اقتصادی بیشترین تأثیر را در کیفیت محلات دارد.

The purpose of this study is to estimate the influence on quality of life by the old people`s lifestyle who general gymnastics and we draw out 449 samples by using multiple-stage stratified cluster random sampling for the old people who live in Gyungnam. The result of statistics is treated by correlation and regression analysis through the SPSS 12.0 Statistics Program. We can condense the results of hypothesis into two. First, the hypothesis that the characteristics of social demography, lifestyle and quality of life are related to one another has the support in general. The characteristics of social demography and lifestyle are related to each other meaningfully except the age area. The literacy levels have a positive relation(+) to self-accomplishment and subconsciousness, the spouse or spouselessness has a negative relation(-) to psychological insecurity and the health has a positive relation(+) to self-accomplishment. The relation of characteristics of social demography and quality of life has a negative relation(-) to the physical and psychological quality of life while the rest items have a positive relation(+). But the lifestyle and quality of life partly have a negative relation(-). Especially the psychological insecurity has a negative relation(-) to quality of life in general. Second, the hypothesis that the characteristics of social demography and life style affect on the quality of life has the support in general. Except the spouse or spouselessness, the characteristics of social demography, age, literacy levels, health, psychological insecurity and subconsciousness affect on the physical quality of life and age, literacy levels, health, friendship and self-accomplishment affect on the social quality of life. Also heath, friendship, psychological insecurity affect on the emotional quality of life and age, literacy levels, health, psychological insecurity affect on the psychological quality of life.

Background: Ovarian cancer is commonly diagnosed at a late stage of illness, raising significant challenges to health-related quality of life (QOL). Increasingly, cancer is conceptualized as an interpersonal stressor that significantly impacts patients as well as their spouses. It has been suggested that adult attachment significantly impacts health outcomes by way of dyadic processes. The present study used the actor partner interdependence model (APIM) to examine the dyadic effects of adult attachment and dyadic coping on QOL, and whether dyadic coping mediated the associations between attachment and QOL. Methods: Couples (N=106) facing ovarian cancer were recruited from a comprehensive cancer centre in Toronto, ON. Attachment was measured by the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale – Revised, dyadic coping was measured by the Dyadic Coping Inventory, and QOL was measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment. APIM analyses evaluated within person and cross-dyadic effects. Role (patients compared with spouses) was examined as a moderator. Results: There were significant within person effects of anxious attachment on physical, social, emotional, and functional QOL. There were also significant within person effects of avoidant attachment on social, emotional, and functional QOL. Positive and negative dyadic coping demonstrated significant within person effects on social and functional QOL. There were no significant cross-dyadic effects nor was there evidence of moderation by role. The within person association between avoidant attachment and social QOL was significantly mediated by positive dyadic coping. The within person association between anxious attachment and social QOL was significantly mediated by positive and negative dyadic coping. Additionally, there was a significant indirect cross-dyadic effect, such that greater anxious attachment reported by one partner was associated with less positive dyadic coping and subsequently less social QOL reported by the other partner. Discussion: Adult attachment and coping as a couple are important considerations in understanding QOL among both patients and spouses. Intervention strategies to address attachment, and the behavioural system associated with attachment, such as dyadic coping, may be useful in addressing impaired individual well-being. Future studies should consider additional dyadic processes that may account for the negative effects of attachment on QOL such as intimacy.

Background: Ovarian cancer is commonly diagnosed at a late stage of illness, raising significant challenges to health-related quality of life (QOL). Increasingly, cancer is conceptualized as an interpersonal stressor that significantly impacts patients as well as their spouses. It has been suggested that adult attachment significantly impacts health outcomes by way of dyadic processes. The present study used the actor partner interdependence model (APIM) to examine the dyadic effects of adult attachment and dyadic coping on QOL, and whether dyadic coping mediated the associations between attachment and QOL. Methods: Couples (N=106) facing ovarian cancer were recruited from a comprehensive cancer centre in Toronto, ON. Attachment was measured by the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale – Revised, dyadic coping was measured by the Dyadic Coping Inventory, and QOL was measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment. APIM analyses evaluated within person and cross-dyadic effects. Role (patients compared with spouses) was examined as a moderator. Results: There were significant within person effects of anxious attachment on physical, social, emotional, and functional QOL. There were also significant within person effects of avoidant attachment on social, emotional, and functional QOL. Positive and negative dyadic coping demonstrated significant within person effects on social and functional QOL. There were no significant cross-dyadic effects nor was there evidence of moderation by role. The within person association between avoidant attachment and social QOL was significantly mediated by positive dyadic coping. The within person association between anxious attachment and social QOL was significantly mediated by positive and negative dyadic coping. Additionally, there was a significant indirect cross-dyadic effect, such that greater anxious attachment reported by one partner was associated with less positive dyadic coping and subsequently less social QOL reported by the other partner. Discussion: Adult attachment and coping as a couple are important considerations in understanding QOL among both patients and spouses. Intervention strategies to address attachment, and the behavioural system associated with attachment, such as dyadic coping, may be useful in addressing impaired individual well-being. Future studies should consider additional dyadic processes that may account for the negative effects of attachment on QOL such as intimacy.

Although knowledge of the factors associated with quality of life in women after childbirth are essential for optimizing maternity care, there is scarcity of evidence on quality of life of postpartum women in Ethiopia. To identify the causal mechanisms of direct and indirect factors associated with health-related quality of life in postpartum women health facility linked community-based longitudinal cohort study was done with 775 mothers in Northwest Ethiopia from October 2020–March 2021. Health-related quality of life was measured by the Amharic version of the shortened World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) instrument. A structural equation statistical analysis method was used to determine the direct and indirect effects of predictor variables on individual domains of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) as measured by the WHOQOL-BREF-26 items. Fear of childbirth (β = − 0.18 to − 0.06) had a direct negative effect on s environmental quality of life at the first, second and third follow up period. Anxiety (β = − 0.92 to − 0.31) had also a direct negative effect on the four domains of HRQOL throughout the follow up period. Similarly, higher functional disability score (β = − 0.36 to − 0.15) as measured by the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) had a direct negative effect on the four domains of HRQOL throughout the follow up period. Whereas, higher social support scale (β = 0.97 to 1.64) had a direct positive effect on the four domains of HRQOL at the three follow up periods. Indirect maternal morbidity (β = -3.37) had a direct negative effect on the physical quality of life at the third follow up period. Anxiety (β = -0.34 to -0.18) had also an indirect negative effect through WHODAS total score on the physical, psychological and environmental quality of life throughout the follow up period and on the social quality of life at the first and second follow up period. In addition, fear of child birth (β = -0.06 to -0.03) had also an indirect negative effect through WHODAS total score on the four domains of HRQOL throughout the follow up period. Similarly, social support (β = 1.09 to 1.53) had an indirect positive effect through fear of birth and WHODAS total score on the four domains of quality of life throughout the follow up period. In the postpartum period, anxiety screening and therapy may help to improve maternal health-related quality of life. Supplying sufficient details regarding birthing processes, responding to women’s needs during giving birth, and intervention strategies for negative appraisals of childbirth are essential to avert quality of life impairment in postpartum women.

Purpose: Socioeconomic disparities in psychosocial adjustment to breast cancer has garnered little attention. Those who are medically underserved with little to no access to quality health care are more likely to be diagnosed with late-stage cancer, have more complications, and face psychosocial and cultural factors that impact their quality of life. Socioeconomic status (SES) is a multidimensional construct that is typically comprised of income, education, and occupation. Recent research suggests that these indicators impact cancer health in independent manners. Moreover, increasing evidence supports the health protective features of having meaning in life. A recurrent theme is resilience – the ability to regain or maintain well-being in the face of adversity. The perceived benefits one reports (e.g. better relationship quality, greater sense of self-efficacy, etc.) after experiencing a stressful life event is known as post-traumatic growth (PTG). This study examines the relationships between SES indicators (e.g. education, household income), quality of life (QOL), and the role of PTG as an underlying mechanism in the impact of SES in psychosocial adjustment to breast cancer among Chinese American breast cancer survivors (CABCS). Methods: 136 CABCS completed a baseline questionnaire from a larger, intervention study. Results: Education and household income were all positively related to overall quality of life. Education was positively related to functional QOL and additional breast cancer concerns. Annual household income was positively related to all QOL domains. Regression analyses revealed an association between household income with PTG and PTG with overall QOL. Bootstrapping analyses supported a full mediation as the indirect effect of household income on overall QOL through PTG was statistically significant. Further examining QOL subscales, PTG was associated with better social QOL and household income showed a significant indirect effect on social QOL through PTG suggesting PTG fully mediates the effect of household income on social QOL. PTG was associated with better emotional QOL and less breast cancer concerns. However, the total effect of household income on emotional QOL was non-significant. The total effect of PTG on breast cancer was marginally significant (p = .06). Analyses for education failed to reveal any significant direct or indirect effect on overall QOL and its subscales through PTG. Conclusion: These findings suggest that SES indicators such as household income and educational attainment are differentially related to QOL domains among CABCS. Household income is linked to better social and emotional QOL through reported PTG suggesting that findings benefits within adversity including reported meaning may enhance well-being. This underscores the differential role of socioeconomic indicators when assessing health outcomes and the importance of implementing psychosocial interventions that facilitate PTG in improving QOL among immigrant cancer survivors. Citation Format: Carol Wang, Qian Lu. Socioeconomic status and quality of life among Chinese American breast cancer survivors: The role of post-traumatic growth [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A060.

Tarama modelinde betimsel bir calisma olan bu arastirmada, lise ogrencilerinin okullarinin yasam kalitesine iliskin algilarinin incelenmesi amaclanmistir. Arastirmanin orneklemi, Adana Ili merkez ilcelerindeki alt, orta ve ust sosyo-ekonomik duzeydeki genel liselerden yansiz olarak belirlenen alti lisedeki 478 ogrenciden olusmaktadir. Verilerin toplanmasinda, arastirmacilar tarafindan gelistirilen Liselerde Yasam Kalitesi Olcegi (LISEYKO) kullanilmistir. Verilerin analiz edilmesinde aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma dagilimlarinin incelenmesinin yani sira t-testi ve varyans analizleri yapilmistir. Analizler sonucunda, ogrencilerin okullarindaki yasam kalitesini genel olarak orta duzeyde olarak algiladiklari, kiz ve erkek ogrencilerin okul yasam kalitesi algilari arasinda onemli farkliliklar olmadigi, ust sosyo – ekonomik duzeydeki liselerde okul yasam kalitesinin daha yuksek oldugu ve sinif duzeyi yukseldikce ogrencilerin liselerindeki yasam kalitesini daha olumlu algiladiklari sonucuna ulasilmistir.

Depression, anxiety and quality of life in a chronic lymphocytic leukemia cohort

Changes in the quality of life of living liver donors: A meta-analysis

To examine the association between social and biological factors and quality of life (QoL), and whether depression and anxiety mediate this relationship. Cross-sectional study with individual level as the unit of analysis. Depression and anxiety were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression scale and Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, while QoL was assessed using the EuroQol Five-Dimension scale. Social factors were assessed using the self-reported number of close persons, and biological factors were measured using the number of self-reported physical health comorbidities. Country-level data. General population aged 18 and older with data available. Among participants, 849 (4.42%) had depression and 2339 (12.17%) had anxiety. Structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis, adjusted by age and sex, showed that social factors (β=-0.004, p<0.001) and biological factors (β=-0.051, p<0.001) were directly associated with QoL. Mediation analysis revealed that depression and anxiety fully mediated the relationship between social factors and QoL. For biological factors, depression and anxiety partially mediated the relationship with QoL, accounting for 29.30% and 22.83% of the total effect, respectively. Depression and anxiety mediate the relationship between social and biological factors and QoL. Strengthening social support and improving mental health access can mitigate these risks. Future research should examine long-term trends and intervention effectiveness to inform targeted policies for at-risk populations.

Purpose: To examine the associations between physical activity, health-related quality of life and happiness in young people with cerebral palsy. Method: A total of 70 young people with cerebral palsy (45 males, 25 females; mean age 13 years 11 months, SD 2 years 0 month) took part in a cross-sectional, descriptive postal survey assessing physical activity (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents), functional ability (Gross Motor Function Classification System), quality of life (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0) and happiness (single Likert-scale item). Relationships between physical activity, quality of life and happiness were examined using backward stepwise linear regression. Results: Physical activity significantly predicted physical quality of life (R2 = 0.64, β = 6.12, p = 0.02), social quality of life (R2 = 0.28, β = 9.27, p < 0.01) and happiness (R2 = 0.08, β = 0.9, p = 0.04). Physical activity was not associated with emotional or school quality of life. Conclusions: This study found a positive association between physical activity, social and physical quality of life, and happiness in young people with cerebral palsy. Findings underscore the potential benefits of physical activity for the wellbeing of young people with cerebral palsy, in addition to its well-recognised physical and health benefits.Implications for RehabilitationPhysical activity is a key predictor of quality of life and happiness in young people with cerebral palsy.Physical activity is widely recognised as having physical health benefits for young people with cerebral palsy; however, this study also highlights that it may have important benefits for wellbeing, quality of life and happiness.This emphasises the need for clinical services and intervention studies aimed specifically at increasing physical activity amongst children and adolescents with cerebral palsy.

BackgroundA considerable proportion of rare disease patients decide to migrate to access a definitive diagnosis or appropriate care, which could affect their quality of life in a long term.ObjectiveTo compare quality of life (QoL) between migrants and residents and explore the possible mechanism of how migration influence the QoL among rural and urban adults with rare diseases, respectively.MethodsA cross-sectional study at national level was conducted in a study sample of 1,150 adult patients in China. Migration was defined as being away from one's original place of residence for at least 12 months. Patients who remained in their place of residence in the past 12 months (“resident”) were treated as a comparison group for “migrants”. Original area of residence (rural vs. urban) for both residents and migrants was used for comparison. The brief version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument was used to measure QoL. Multiple linear regression analyses were adopted to assess the direct association between migration status and QoL after controlling for the confounders that affect QoL. The indirect associations between migration status and QoL, mediated by potential mediators including number of family members living together, individual income, catastrophic health expenditure, and social support, were estimated using the mediation model.ResultsAmong the group of rural participants, migration was directly associated with physical QoL (β = 5.07, 95% CI 2.01–8.13) and environmental QoL (3.95, 1.37–6.53), indirectly associated with physical QoL (0.58, 0.05–1.28) and social QoL (0.50, 0.01–1.16) via individual income, and also indirectly associated with environmental QoL (−0.47, −1.12 to −0.50) via tangible support. On the other hand, neither direct nor indirect associations of migration with four domain scores of QoL were significant among the group of urban participants.ConclusionAmong rural adults with rare diseases, migration was found to have positive direct effect on physical and environmental QoL, positive indirect effect on physical and social QoL through increased individual income, and negative indirect effect on environmental QoL via reduced tangible support. By contrast, neither direct nor indirect associations of migration with QoL were significant among the group of urban participants.