Abstract
Tunable liquid prism is important member of liquid optical devices, and its advantage over solid material prism lies in the non-mechanical tunability. Therefore, it is of great value for achieving adaptive, miniaturized, high-efficiency, and long-life optical prism. The paper provides a review of the latest developments in this field. Firstly, a detailed analysis was conducted on the tuning object and the tuning method of liquid prisms. The tuning objects were are classified into three types: liquid-air interface, liquid-liquid interface, and liquid-solid interface. The tuning methods were divided into two categories: directly adjusting the inclination angle of the liquid interface and indirectly adjusting the liquid interface through a solid transparent flat plate. The composition structure of the liquid prism system was also discussed. Secondly, the typical parameters of a single liquid prism were compared, providing readers with a reference for choosing a liquid prism. Then, some representative applications of liquid prisms were introduced, including laser scanning, variable field of view imaging system, optical switch, solar energy collection, etc. Finally, the issues and challenges in the research of liquid prism technology were discussed. This review aims to provide a snapshot of the current state of research in the field of liquid prisms to attract more attentions.
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