Abstract
Fluoride (F- ) exposure to air, soil, and water had the most detrimental impact on plants of all the halides. The element also had an adverse effect on a variety of physio-biochemical parameters after exceeding its desired limits in plants, with or without overt evidence of injury. Fluoride levels in plants are higher, which also inhibits plant growth by interfering with various pathways involved in photosynthesis, protein synthesis, respiration, nucleotide synthesis, and glucose metabolism. The two processes that plants use to get and use their basic energy are photosynthesis and respiration. Fluoride has a significant role in these two routes. This article explores the detrimental impacts on agricultural trees and crops ability to respire and produce oxygen and making food via photosynthesis.
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