A Review on Medicinal Uses, Nutritional Value, and Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Antidiabetic, and Anticancer Potential Related to Bioactive Compounds of J. regia

Abstract

ABSTRACT Juglans regia is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine and it. It is applied for healing a numerous ailment such us diabetes, digestive problems, hypertension, and gout diseases. This review aims to highlight the importance of Juglans regia as source of nutritional and bioactive compounds. Mechanisms of antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities of Juglans regia leaves, fruit, septum kernels, flowers, bark, and husk have been discussed. Juglans regia fruits have an important nutritive value allowed by their richness in lipids and proteins. Medicinal properties of Juglans regia are certainly due to its bioactive compounds. Indeed, Juglans regia leaves, husks, flowers, bark, and roots contain several secondary metabolites including polyphenols, flavonoids, and glycosides. Pharmacological investigations reported by the literature demonstrated that Juglans regia exhibit different biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antitumoral, antifungal, and antibacterial effects, in vitro, in vivo and in clinical trials. Mechanisms of bioactive compound action include ROS neutralization, proinflammatory mediators and enzyme inhibition, insulin levels increase, regulation of apoptosis, and cell cycle disruption. Biological properties were remarkably correlated with bioactive compounds containing in Juglans regia. Therefore, with its important nutritive values and its bioactive compounds, Juglans regia could be considered as a relevant functional food.