A Review on HR-HPV: An Increasing Cause of Concern for Cervical Carcinoma

Abstract

Human Papilloma virus, leads to widely prevalent viral infection with worldwide distribution of variable genotypes, it is the major cause of cancer in women and a leading cause of deaths due to cancer in India. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide and the most common cancer cause of death in the developing countries. Notably, four out of every five cases of cervical cancer reported in India were attributed to infections from HPV types 16 and 18. India has a population of 483.5 million women aged 15 years and older who are at risk of developing cervical cancer. Infections with high-risk HPV types impair the function of cellular proteins and interfere with the expression of biological gene products. In high-grade intraepithelial neoplasias and cancers, HPV DNA is typically integrated into the host genome. WHO has recommended Screening of cervical cancer among young sexually-active females for early detection of HPV induced cervical carcinoma. Detection of HPV at earlier stages is essential in prevention of invasive cervical carcinoma. Based on clinical stage categories upon diagnosis, standard of care for cervical cancer management includes surgery, radiation, systemic therapy, or a combination of these therapeutic modalities.