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Abstract
Food-derived bioactive peptides are being used as important functional ingredients for health-promoting foods and nutraceuticals in recent times in order to prevent and manage several diseases thanks to their biological activities. Bioactive peptides are specific protein fractions, which show broad applications in cosmetics, food additives, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antithrombotic, and angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory ingredients. These peptides can preserve consumer health by retarding chronic diseases owing to modulation or improvement of the physiological functions of human body. They can also affect functional characteristics of different foods such as dairy products, fermented beverages, and plant and marine proteins. This manuscript reviews different aspects of bioactive peptides concerning their biological (antihypertensive, antioxidative, antiobesity, and hypocholesterolemic) and functional (water holding capacity, solubility, emulsifying, and foaming) properties. Moreover, the properties of several bioactive peptides extracted from different foods as potential ingredients to formulate health promoting foods are described. Thus, multifunctional properties of bioactive peptides provide the possibility to formulate or develop novel healthy food products.
Highlights
There has been more attention paid to natural source health-promoting ingredients such as phenolic compounds and bioactive peptides
It has been shown that emulsifying activity of peptides and the resulting has been negatively affected by degree of hydrolysis (DH) [13]
The fractions with molecular weight smaller than 1 kDa as well as hydrolysate produced by Alcalase for buffalo casein showed higher antioxidant activity than that obtained by trypsin
Summary
There has been more attention paid to natural source health-promoting ingredients such as phenolic compounds and bioactive peptides. Enzymatic hydrolysis can be regarded as the most effective method to produce active peptides [1,2], which can be absorbed in intestinal tract and directly entered to the blood stream This ensures their in vivo bioavailability and physiological functionality in the body [6]. The antihypertension, antithrombotic, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and opioid agonists or antagonists properties of these peptides have been reported [7] Different factors such as processing conditions, protein source, amino acids’ sequence and composition, molecular weight (Mw) and charge distribution, pH, and certain chemical treatments can directly affect the functionality of bioactive peptides [8].
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