Abstract
New energy vehicles (NEVs), especially electric vehicles (EVs), address the important task of reducing the greenhouse effect. It is particularly important to measure the environmental efficiency of new energy vehicles, and the life cycle analysis (LCA) model provides a comprehensive evaluation method of environmental efficiency. To provide researchers with knowledge regarding the research trends of LCA in NEVs, a total of 282 related studies were counted from the Web of Science database and analyzed regarding their research contents, research preferences, and research trends. The conclusion drawn from this research is that the stages of energy resource extraction and collection, carrier production and energy transportation, maintenance, and replacement are not considered to be research links. The stages of material, equipment, and car transportation and operation equipment settling, and forms of use need to be considered in future research. Hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (HFCEVs), vehicle type classification, the water footprint, battery recovery and reuse, and battery aging are the focus of further research, and comprehensive evaluation combined with more evaluation methods is the direction needed for the optimization of LCA. According to the results of this study regarding EV and hybrid power vehicles (including plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), fuel-cell electric vehicles (FCEV), hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), and extended range electric vehicles (EREV)), well-to-wheel (WTW) average carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have been less than those in the same period of gasoline internal combustion engine vehicles (GICEV). However, EV and hybrid electric vehicle production CO2 emissions have been greater than those during the same period of GICEV and the total CO2 emissions of EV have been less than during the same period of GICEV.
Highlights
Introduction published maps and institutional affilSince 2000, CO2 emissions from the global transport sector have been on the rise, from 5.8 GT in 2000 to 8.2 GT in 2018
To environmental efficiency of New energy vehicles (NEVs) fromfrom the perspective of the of lifethe cycle, Toevaluate evaluatethe the environmental efficiency of NEVs the perspective life the evaluation method should be determined first
LCIthe measures theefficiency life cycleinventory efficiency of products or services from the perspective of material flow, while life-cycle impact analysis (LCIA) uses life-cycle inventory (LCI) results inventory of products or services from the perspective of material flow, while LCIA uses to evaluate the environmental impact of potential products or services
Summary
Since 2000, CO2 emissions from the global transport sector have been on the rise, from 5.8 GT in 2000 to 8.2 GT in 2018. Despite the gradual improvement in global energy efficiency, the popularization of electrification, and the more scientific use of biofuels, CO2 emissions still maintained an annual growth of 1.9% by 2020. Road vehicles—cars, trucks, buses, two-wheeled and three-wheeled vehicles—account for threequarters of the CO2 produced by the transport sector. As a solution to reduce energy consumption and environmental impacts in the transportation sector, NEVs (including EVs, PHEVs, HEVs, FCEVs, EREVs, etc.) are gradually advancing and replacing ICEVs. By the end of 2020, the number of NEVs on the road around the world reached 10 million and had experienced rapid growth for 10 years. From the perspective of the government [1] and environmental protection agencies [2], NEVs are ideal vehicles approaching zero pollution and zero emissions and are a powerful advantage for achieving environmental, social, iations
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