Abstract
Energy from biomass has been in use from historical days itself but biomass as energy source is not as popular as that of other renewable energy resources. Anaerobic digestion is commonly used to convert organic biomass into biogas. The main drawback of this technology is the long retention period and low efficiency. To tackle this problem pre-treatment and adding additives are best suitable options available. This paper reviews the different pre-treatment techniques and additives that can be used to improve the biogas (mainly methane) yield and to reduce the retention period of the process.
Highlights
Biogas is considered as a renewable energy can be produced from a variety of raw materials
Anaerobic digestion is a series of steps in which microorganisms break down biodegradable organic waste materials into biogas and slurry in the absence of free oxygen
Physical pretreatments are widely applied for OFMSW, whereas other methods are not spread at industrial level The most popular pretreatment methods are thermal and ultrasonic for WWTP sludge, chemicalfor lignocellulosic substrates, and mechanical for OFMSW Thermal pretreatments as well as lime and ammonia based chemical methods are more effectivein improving the digestibility of lignocellulosic substrates Pretreatments could result in reduced HRT, increased methane production, and reduced sludge size Pretreatments result in enhanced biogas production (30–50%)
Summary
Biogas is considered as a renewable energy can be produced from a variety of raw materials. Anaerobic digestion and fermentation can be used to generate biogas from biodegradable materials such as organic wastes, sewage, municipal waste, manure, plant residues, vegetable wastes and energy crops. Large amount of activated sludge wastes, containing organic and mineral substances, are produced by municipal and industrial plants. Waste sludge handling represents a bottleneck in industrial plants, due to environmental, social, economic and legal issues. Organic wastes are of natural origin that possesses biochemical features ensuring quick microbial decomposition at comparatively normal operating conditions
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