Abstract
Electric Vehicles (EVs) are gaining momentum due to several factors, including the price reduction as well as the climate and environmental awareness. This paper reviews the advances of EVs regarding battery technology trends, charging methods, as well as new research challenges and open opportunities. More specifically, an analysis of the worldwide market situation of EVs and their future prospects is carried out. Given that one of the fundamental aspects in EVs is the battery, the paper presents a thorough review of the battery technologies—from the Lead-acid batteries to the Lithium-ion. Moreover, we review the different standards that are available for EVs charging process, as well as the power control and battery energy management proposals. Finally, we conclude our work by presenting our vision about what is expected in the near future within this field, as well as the research aspects that are still open for both industry and academic communities.
Highlights
The automotive industry has become one of the most important world-wide industries, at economic level, and in terms of research and development
This unit can be expressed in ampere hour (Ah) or in watt hour (Wh), the latter one is more commonly used by electric vehicles
Something similar occurs in the loading modes based on DC power, in which the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)-62196 is the standard that offers higher power with 400 kWh, against the 250 kWh of the Guobiao Standards (GB)/T-20234 and the 100 kWh offered by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)-J1772
Summary
The automotive industry has become one of the most important world-wide industries, at economic level, and in terms of research and development. Researchers are working on improved battery technologies to increase driving range and decrease charging time, weight, and cost These factors will determine the future of EVs. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of the most important aspects of EV technologies, charging modes, and the research carried out by different research teams and labs.
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