Abstract
The state-of-the-art technology of X-ray microcalorimeters based on superconducting transition-edge sensors (TESs), for applications in astrophysics and particle physics, is reviewed. We will show the advance in understanding the detector physics and describe the recent breakthroughs in the TES design that are opening the way towards the fabrication and the read-out of very large arrays of pixels with unprecedented energy resolution. The most challenging low temperature instruments for space- and ground-base experiments will be described.
Highlights
Many space-based observatory and ground-based experiments in the field of astrophysics and particle-physics are improving dramatically their sensitivity and overall capabilities thanks to the use of large arrays of superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeters [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8].A transition-edge sensors (TESs) is a superconducting thin film that, due to its sharp superconducting-to-normal transition, can be used as an extremely sensitive thermometer
The first simultaneous operation of a Cryogenic AntiCoincidence (CryoAC) prototype developed at INAF, with a NASA-GSFC TES kilo-pixel array read-out in single pixel mode by a MHz-Frequency Division Multiplexing (MHz-FDM) set-up developed at SRON has been recently reported by Macculi et al [169]
We have given a review on the recent progress in the development of low temperature detectors with a large array of TES-based microcalorimeters for application in astro-particle physics
Summary
Many space-based observatory and ground-based experiments in the field of astrophysics and particle-physics are improving dramatically their sensitivity and overall capabilities thanks to the use of large arrays of superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeters [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. The sensor and the read-out are influencing each other and, when aiming to the highest level of performance, they cannot be developed separately For these reasons, it is important to give an overview of the fundamental physical processes affecting the TES resistive transition and the noise, with the focus on the interaction between sensors and the read-out system.
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