Abstract
This work is the first part of a national review about Bank Filtration (BF) that began in 2003, in Brazil. These studies were conducted in the laboratory and in the field with water and natural sediment from the study regions, showing how BF has been efficient worldwide for the treatment of water for public supply as an alternative treatment. It aims to show the synthesis of results to date and point out its main benefits and challenges; that is, the state of the art at the national level. The review is concentrated in Santa Catarina (part 1), Pernambuco and Minas Gerais (part 2). BF demonstrates efficiency in reducing parameters such as turbidity and coliforms (total and fecal), pesticides and toxins. However, BF showed low capacity in reducing parameters such as salinity and true color. BF is highly dependent on local geological conditions, so parameters such as iron, manganese, fluorine, alkalinity, hardness, and chlorides can be added to the treated water. Keywords: Water Treatment. Bank Filtration. Public Supply Systems. Natural Sediment. Water Quality.
Highlights
The increasing industrialization of Brazil in recent years has brought incalculable damage to the environment, especially to surface waters, where deterioration has brought technical challenges to water treatment technologies already employed
This work is a national review in the field of bank filtration technology that shows the results obtained over 17 years of studying Bank Filtration (BF) in Brazil to date and point out the main benefits and challenges of the technique; that is, the state of the art at the national level. It was divided into two parts for a better understanding and organization of the content on bank filtration: Part 1 describes the researches performed in the state of Santa Catarina, and Part 2 describes the researches performed in the states of Pernambuco and Minas Gerais
A bibliographic search was performed in national and international databases, including articles, theses, dissertations, book chapters and course conclusions, totaling 53 documents that indicated that research on the subject is concentrated in the States of Santa Catarina, Pernambuco and Minas Gerais (Fig. 2)
Summary
The increasing industrialization of Brazil in recent years has brought incalculable damage to the environment, especially to surface waters, where deterioration has brought technical challenges to water treatment technologies already employed. This work is a national review in the field of bank filtration technology that shows the results obtained over 17 years of studying BF in Brazil to date and point out the main benefits and challenges of the technique; that is, the state of the art at the national level. It was divided into two parts for a better understanding and organization of the content on bank filtration: Part 1 describes the researches performed in the state of Santa Catarina, and Part 2 describes the researches performed in the states of Pernambuco and Minas Gerais. A bibliographic search was performed in national and international databases, including articles, theses, dissertations, book chapters and course conclusions, totaling 53 documents that indicated that research on the subject is concentrated in the States of Santa Catarina, Pernambuco and Minas Gerais (Fig. 2)
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