A review of research on hybrid unmanned vehicles in complex forest and grassland terrains

Unmanned surface vehicles have the advantages of maneuverability, concealment, wide activity area and low cost of use. Therefore, they have broad application prospects. This makes unmanned surface vehicles a research hotspot at home and abroad, and the sensing technology is the basis for the unmanned surface vehicles to perform tasks. The perception technology based on optical vision has the advantages of convenient application, relatively low cost, easy data acquisition and large amount of information, and has been widely studied by scholars at home and abroad. This paper mainly discusses the research of optical vision in unmanned surface vehicles from five aspects: Firstly, the water surface image preprocessing based on unmanned surface vehicles, mainly including water surface image defogging enhancement research; second is the use of light vision target detection; the next is the surface target tracking methods. Finally, the light vision research of unmanned surface vehicles is summarized and forecasted.

This study reviewed the literature on human factors issues in unmanned aerial vehicles. Cultural differences on human factor in unmanned aerial vehicles were considered in this study between China and the United States to find the future research directions for human factor specialists in China. After a screening and selection process in the literature search, eighty papers were included in full paper reading and discussed in this study. According to the results, there was still a gap between research development of human factors in unmanned vehicles in China and that in the United States, no matter considering the quantity or quality of papers in two countries. Five topics, human factors identification, display and interface, automation and system, crew performance, and election and training, may be Chinese researchers’ future research directions.

A Review of Current Research and Advances in Unmanned Surface Vehicles

This article reviews remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROUV) and its different types focusing on the control systems. This study offers a brief introduction of unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) together with ROUV. Underwater robots are designed to work as an alternative to humans because of a difficult and hazardous underwater environment. The applications and demand of marine robots are increasing with the passage of time. There are several research articles and publications available on these topics but, a complete review of old and recent research about this technology is still hard to find. This article also assesses some recently published research papers on underwater systems. It presents the comparison of different control systems and designs of underwater vehicles. There have been major developments in marine technology depending on the needs, applications and cost of different missions. Scientists design many remotely operated vehicles based on the educational or industrial purposes. This article is presented in order to help and assist the future researchers as a massive review of the field of remotely operated underwater vehicles and their possible future developments are presented.

In industrial environments, over several decades, Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) and Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs) have served to improve efficiencies of intralogistics and material handling tasks. However, for system integrators, the choice and effective deployment of improved, suitable and reliable communication and control technologies for these unmanned vehicles remains a very challenging task. Specifics of communication for AGVs and AMRs imposes stringent performance requirements on latency and reliability of communication links which many existing wireless technologies struggle to satisfy. In this paper, a review of latest AGVs and AMRs research results in the past decade is presented. The review encompasses results from different past and present research domains of AGVs. In addition, performance requirements of communication networks in terms of their latencies and reliabilities when they are deployed for AGVs and AMRs coordination, control and fleet management in smart manufacturing environments are discussed. Integration challenges and limitations of present state-of-the-art AGV and AMR technologies when those technologies are used for facilitating AGV-based smart manufacturing and factory of the future applications are also thoroughly discussed. The paper also present a thorough discussion of areas in need of further research regarding the application of 5G networks for AGVs and AMRs fleet management in smart manufacturing environments. In addition, novel integration ideas by which tactile Internet, 5G network slicing and virtual reality applications can be used to facilitate AGV and AMR based factory of the future (FoF) and smart manufacturing applications were motivated.

In order to analyze the system composition of the development status of autonomous technology and the problems and prospects of autonomous vehicles, this paper analyzes the development of unmanned driving technology at home and abroad in recent years through field research and literature review, and finds Internet technology. Rapid development has brought new changes to the automotive industry, and the increasingly serious traffic safety problem has accelerated the development of autonomous technology. Through investigation, it is found that autonomous cars are developing rapidly. The development of autonomous cars has greatly improved the efficiency and safety of transportation systems. For the entire automobile development industry, autonomous cars will undoubtedly become the first direction of automobile development. In this paper, the composition of unmanned vehicles is described by explaining the development status of unmanned vehicles at home and abroad. This paper also briefly analyzes the key technologies of autonomous vehicles: environment-aware technology, navigation and positioning technology, path planning technology, decision-making control technology, and further compares the current problems and development prospects of autonomous technology, and through the investigation of materials The study further prospects the development direction of unmanned vehicles. In the end, it was found that despite the series of problems, unmanned driving is in line with the trend of intelligent and Internet-oriented vehicles, which is a major opportunity for the automotive industry to change under the Internet wave.

In this chapter, I review research involving remote human supervision of multiple unmanned vehicles (UVs) using command complexity as an organizing construct. Multi-UV tasks range from foraging, requiring little coordination among UVs, to formation following, in which UVs must function as a cohesive unit. Command complexity, the degree to which operator effort increases with the number of supervised UVs, is used to categorize human interaction with multiple UVs. For systems in which each UV requires the same form of attention (O( n)), effort increases linearly with the number of UVs. For systems in which the control of one UV is dependent upon another (O(> n)), additional UVs impose greater than linear increases due to the expense of coordination. For other systems, an operator interacts with an autonomously coordinating group, and effort is unaffected by group size (O(1)). Studies of human/multi-UV interaction can be roughly grouped into O( n) supervision, involving one-to-one control of individual UVs, or O(1) commanding, in which higher-level commands are directed to a group. Research in O( n) command has centered on round-robin control, neglect tolerance, and attention switching. Approaches to O(1) command are divided into systems using autonomous path planning only, plan libraries, human-steered planners, and swarms. Each type of system has its advantages. Less complete work in scalable displays for multiple UVs is reviewed. Mixing levels of command is probably necessary to supervise multiple UVs performing realistic tasks. Research in O( n) control is mature and can provide quantitative and qualitative guidance for design. Interaction with planners and swarms is less mature but more critical to developing effective multi-UV systems capable of performing complex tasks.

The purpose of this work is to review research in the domain of unmanned vehicle (UV) operations and to provide recommendations regarding the human-to-robot ratio for optimal performance. This begins with a discussion of how remote perception, multitasking, and workload can contribute to the difficulty of performing UV operations. Then, recommendations are provided in order to address three different aspects of the human-to-robot ratio: (a) human-centric factors, (b) robot-centric factors, and (c) collaborative human-robot factors. These recommendations begin by focusing on a team of high-ability operators that execute role-specific behaviors, and processes are supported by systems that are designed to support appropriate coordination. Additional UVs should be added with the intention of increasing unique capabilities and reliable autonomy. Finally, recommendations address methods collaboration that work within the perceptual limitation of humans and UVs.

In real-time systems, when failures of any nature come to happen, high-value assets are put at risk and in some cases even human lives. Due to this high criticality, developing improvements to these systems in order to increase their safety becomes a topic of high importance. This research reviews handoff procedures in IPv6 networks to help identify those with lower latency and low packet loss during the operation, aiming to increase the efficiency of general communication in these systems. For this, some handoff techniques found in the literature are simulated and, from the obtained results, performance comparisons are presented following specific statistical techniques to evaluate the performance of computational systems. Finally, a discussion on the application of these techniques in critical embedded systems is presented, specially unmanned vehicles.