Abstract
The voltage in electrical grids is maintained at its nominal value by automatic voltage regulators (AVR). In AVR systems, proportional-integral-derivative (PID) is the most popular controllers due to their robust performance and simplicity. Controlling the parameters of proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controllers, which are used in AVR technology, is a nonlinear optimization problem. Optimization issues are of great importance to both the industrial and scientific worlds. A PID controller's objective function is designed to minimize the settling time, rise time, and overshoot of the step response of the resultant voltage. This paper presents the performance comparison of six optimization algorithms, such as Enhanced Crow Search Algorithm (ECSA-PID), Slime Mould algorithm (SMA-PID), Future Search Algorithm (FSA-PID), Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA-PID), Equilibrium Optimizer (EO-PID), and Archimede’s Optimization algorithm (AOA-PID) used in recent literatures.
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