Abstract
Aquaculture is a rapidly growing global agriculture sector and the importance of fish health has become of upmost importance as production levels and stocking densities increase. Over the past few decades, there have been a large number of immunological investigations on commonly cultured finfish species. Further, new technologies and strategies that embody use of fish immunostimulants, probiotics, and vaccinology rely heavily upon a comprehensive understanding of teleost immune system mechanics. The teleost immune system works in concert to properly recognize, control, and clear aquatic pathogens. Recent findings have exemplified the cooperative efforts of the nonspecific and adaptive branches, and have put forth an emphasis on the importance of the mucosal immune response in all aspects of a mounted immune response. This review provides a generalized overview of the innate and adaptive arms of the fish immune system, and provides highlights of recently published work in the areas of signaling networks and mucosal immune interactions.
Highlights
Global aquaculture production has rapidly increased over the past few decades
The aim of this review article is to discuss these integrated mechanics with respect to current, applied research aims in aquaculture. This current review provides a background and recent research highlights of the key components of the fish immune system, with respect to commonly cultured species, including rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
In a study of Recombination-activating gene 1 (RAG-1) mutation in zebrafish, it was determined that reduced RAG-1 expression led to a down-regulation of adaptive immune cells while neutrophil concentrations increased in a compensatory response [76]
Summary
Global aquaculture production has rapidly increased over the past few decades. Increasing world population size, standard of living, and globalization have created a large demand for the efficient production of high quality, protein-rich food. A thorough understanding of these teleost immune components may better elucidate novel production strategies for finfish culture, incorporating rapidly expanding areas of both fish health and nutrition. This has been demonstrated by recent reviews focusing on fish immune system topics as vaccine design, immunostimulant administration, nutrition, and interactions with growth mechanics [4] [5] [6] [7]. The aim of this review article is to discuss these integrated mechanics with respect to current, applied research aims in aquaculture This current review provides a background and recent research highlights of the key components of the fish immune system, with respect to commonly cultured species, including rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
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