Abstract
Human-robot interaction has been going stronger and stronger, up to find a notorious level on brain-machines interfaces. This assistive technology offers a great hope for patients suffering severe neuromuscular disorders. Starting from the current limitations hindering its extensive application outside the research laboratories, this paper reviews findings and prospects on functional magnetic resonance imaging showing how fMRI can help to overcome those limitations, while playing a key role on improving the development of brain-machine interfaces based on electroencephalography. The different types of derived benefits for this interfaces, as well as the different kinds of impact on their components, are presented under a field classification that reveals the distinctive roles that fMRI can play on the present context. The review concludes that fMRI provides complementary knowledge of immediate application, and that a greater profit could be obtained from the own EEG signal by integrating both neuroimaging modalities.
Highlights
Robots were initially conceived for helping on the heavy tasks of the industrial environment
This paper reviews findings and prospects on functional magnetic resonance imaging showing how this technology can help to overcome the current limitations, and to contribute to improve the development of Brain-machine interfaces (BMI) based on electroencephalography (EEG)
Depending on the nature of the input signals, two models of EEG-based BMIs can be found [41]: those based on endogenous electrophysiological activity, such as the power of the and  rhythms in a specific cortical area [28, 42], or the slow cortical potentials (SCP) [6], and those based on exogenous electrophysiological activity, such as the amplitude of P300 potential in response to a flash of a letter [10]
Summary
Robots were initially conceived for helping on the heavy tasks of the industrial environment They have been human companions from their origins. This paper reviews findings and prospects on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) showing how this technology can help to overcome the current limitations, and to contribute to improve the development of BMIs based on electroencephalography (EEG). It introduces the ethics motivating the research on BMIs and the beneficiaries, existing achievements, and promises of this technology.
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