Abstract
The energy consumption by data centers is expanding in tandem with the rapid rise of the digital economy. Data centers, as high-energy-consumption organizations, have garnered extensive attention from society in order to accomplish energy conservation and emission reduction. As a result, improving the energy efficiency of cloud data centers has become a major topic of research. Researchers are working hard to develop practical energy efficiency evaluation methodologies and metrics in order to attain this goal. This article summarizes data center energy efficiency evaluation methods, classifies existing energy efficiency evaluation metrics, examines the current state and challenges of data center energy efficiency evaluation, and makes recommendations for improving energy efficiency evaluation technology to assist cloud operators, decision-makers, and researchers in developing appropriate energy efficiency evaluation strategies. We give data center researchers a better grasp of energy efficiency evaluation and encourage them to combine theory and practice in energy efficiency evaluation and utilize more advanced metrics to assess data center energy efficiency. This is a critical step in the quest for the most advanced green technology, as well as a significant step toward reaching sustainable development goals.
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